Bioinformatics-1:Quiz-4

Phylogenetic analysis of a set of sequences that aligns ______ is straightforward because the positions that correspond in the sequences can be readily identified in a ______ of the sequences.

• very well, multiple sequence alignment

• in a haphazard manner, multiple sequence alignment

• in a distorted way, multiple sequence alignment

• very well, self alignment

For sequences that have ________ a phylogenetic analysis is __________

• diverged considerably, more challenging

• not diverged, more challenging

• diverged considerably, less challenging

• diverged considerably, a less work to do

The choice of a suitable multiple sequence alignment method depends on the degree of variation among the sequences.

• True

• False

In the bootstrap method, the data are resampled by _____ choosing _____ columns from the aligned sequences to produce, in effect, a new sequence alignment of the _____

• randomly, horizontal, same length

• specifically, vertical, different lengths

• randomly, vertical, same length

• randomly, vertical, different lengths

In the bootstrap method, for branches in the predicted tree topology to be significant, the resampled data sets should frequently predict the same branches.

• True

• False

Tracking the evolutionary history of individual genes in a group of species can reveal which genes have remained in a genome for a long time and which genes have been horizontally transferred between species.

• True

• False

The scientific discipline concerned with naming organisms is called -

• taxonomy

• cladistics

• binomial nomenclature

• systematics

A phylogenetic tree that is ʺrootedʺ is one

• that extends back to the origin of life on Earth

• at whose base is located the common ancestor of all taxa depicted on that tree

• that illustrates the rampant gene swapping that occurred early in lifeʹs history

• that indicates our uncertainty about the evolutionary relationships of the taxa depicted on the tree.

If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same class but to different orders and if organisms D, E, and F belong to the same order but to different families, which of the following pairs of organisms would be expected to show the greatest degree of structural homology?

• A and B

• A and C

• B and D

• D and F

The legless condition that is observed in several groups of extant reptiles is the result of

• their common ancestor having been legless

• a shared adaptation to an arboreal (living in trees) lifestyle

• several instances of the legless condition arising independently of each other

• individual lizards adapting to a fossorial (living in burrows) lifestyle during their lifetimes