8th Grade Science Review

Leticia is a space scientist who made this diagram of the Moon and Earth as seen from above (top view), with sunlight coming from the left, as shown by the arrows. Why does Leticia’s diagram show that it’s brighter on the left half of the Moon?

• Because Leticia’s diagram is showing that the half of the Moon

  that is facing the sun is lit by the sun, and the other half is dark.

• Because the Moon has some lighter-colored rock and some darker-colored rock, and Leticia’s diagram is showing that the half of the Moon with the lighter-colored rock has rotated to the left.

• Because as the Moon gets closer to the sun more of it is lit by the sun, so Leticia’s diagram is showing sunlight on half of the Moon.

• Because there is a shadow from Earth falling on half of the Moon, and Leticia’s diagram is showing that shadow on the right half of the Moon.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Tania went outside and made two observations of the Moon that were several days apart. Her observations are shown in the diagram above. The light part of the Moon appeared to get larger over time. Why did this happen?

• Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon moved so that Tania was able to see more of the half that faces the sun.

• Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon moved closer to the sun so more sunlight reached the Moon’s surface.

• Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon rotated so that more of the light-colored rock on the Moon’s surface faced Earth.

• Between the first observation and the second observation, Earth’s shadow moved and was blocking less of the Moon so Tania was able to see more of it.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

The diagrams above show Earth and the Moon in different positions, as seen from above (top view). Sunlight is coming from the left, but these diagrams do not show what parts of Earth or the Moon are light or dark.

Could the half of the Moon that faces Earth ever be completely dark in any of these diagrams?

• No, the Moon is always lit by the sun.

• Yes, always in Diagrams 2 and 3, but never in Diagram 1.

• Yes, always in Diagram 2, but never in Diagrams 1 or 3.

• Yes, always in Diagram 2 and sometimes in Diagram 3.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

A student astronomer went out and took photographs of the Moon that were several days apart. Images that look like her photographs are shown above. The light part of the Moon appeared to get smaller over time. Why did this happen?

• Between the first photograph and the second photograph, the Moon moved farther away from the sun so less sunlight reached the Moon’s surface.

• Between the first photograph and the second photograph, Earth moved so its shadow was blocking more of the Moon so the student astronomer was able to see less of it.

• Between the first photograph and the second photograph, the Moon rotated so that less of the light-colored rock on the Moon’s surface faced Earth.

• Between the first photograph and the second photograph, the Moon moved so that the student astronomer was able to see less of the half that faces the sun.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

What keeps the planets in orbit around the sun?

• gravity

• friction

• density

• distance

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

A person would weigh more on Jupiter than on the Earth because . . .

• Jupiter has more mass, and therefore more gravity
• Jupiter has less mass, and therefore more gravity
• Jupiter has more mass, and therefore less gravity
• Jupiter has less mass and therefore less gravity

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

What two things determine the gravity of an object?

• mass & weight

• mass & distance

• density & mass

• volume & distance

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Any object with mass is surrounded by a gravitational field.

• True
• Sometimes
• False
• Never

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

What is gravity?

• Gas

• A force

• A mass

• The atmosphere

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

A measure of how much matter is in an object

• Force

• Matter

• Gravity

• Mass