Evolution Test Review 2

Define: natural selection

• anatomically similar structure inherited from a common ancestor

• an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

• The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

• Cumulative changes in groups of organisms over time; change over time

Define: homologous structure

• structure that has the same function but different construction and was not inherited from a common ancestor.

• anatomically similar structure inherited from a common ancestor

• Structures that are no longer used by the organism but were once useful to the ancestor organism

• structure that has the same function but different construction and was not inherited from a common ancestor.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

On a hike of the Grand Canyon, you walk up hill, where would you find older, simpler fossils?

• Near the bottom layers

• Near the top layers

• None of the above

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Define: evolution

• Cumulative changes in groups of organisms over time; change over time

• an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

• An organism's ability to blend in to it’s environment

• Selective breeding of organisms by humans for certain desired traits

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

What is the term for selective breeding of organisms by humans for certain desired traits

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NGSS.MS-LS4-5

Which evolves: populations or organisms?

• populations

• organisms

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

The closer the bone structures resemble each other the closer the organisms are related to each other.

• True

• False

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Explain how these 6 different early stage embryos (above) can be used as evidence of a common ancestor between each of these six organisms:

• They will all develop into the same organism

• They show homologous structures in the earliest stages of development

• We cannot use embryos as evidence of a common ancestor

• The show vestigial structures in the earliest stages of development

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-3

Explain how biological chemicals can be used as evidence of a common ancestor between organisms:

• Chemical are rarely used to show evidence of common ancestry

• The more chemical sequences organisms have in common, the closer the organisms are related to each other

• When these chemicals react more often with each other, the more closely related the organisms are to each other.

• The fewer chemical sequences organisms have in common, the closer the organisms are related to each other

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

What is the name of the structures that are no longer used by a organism but were once useful to the ancestor organism (ex: whale pelvic bone, the appendix in humans)