Groups & Organizations

a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who don’t interact or share a sense of identity

• category

• dyad

• group

• aggregate

a leader who issues orders and assigns tasks

• democratic leader

• authoritarian leader

• expressive leader

• instrumental leader

formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules,

and impersonality.

• coercive organizations

• bureaucracies

• group

• in-group

people who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way

• aggregate

• group

• category

• formal organizations

organizations that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital

• formal organizations

• normative organizations

• coercive organizations

• utilitarian organizations

the extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms

• explicit rules

• instrumental function

• conformity

• in-group

a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of his identity

• in-group

• primary group

• secondary group

• reference group

a group that an individual is not a member of, and may even compete with

• reference group

• out-group

• primary group

• secondary group

small, informal groups of people who are closest to us

• in-group

• reference group

• primary group

• secondary group

groups to which an individual compares herself

• out-group

• reference group

• primary group

• secondary group