ITS462 - Propositional logic/calculus

State wether the predicate logic is true or false.

Every new beginning comes from some other beginning end.

Predicate: ∀x∃yBeginning(x) ⇒ [Beginning(y) ∧ ComesFrom(x, end(y))]

• True

• False

No one who runs walks.

• ∀x (¬run(x) → walk(x))

• ¬∃x (run (x) → walk (x))

• ∀x (run(x) → ¬ walk(x))

• ∃x (¬run(x) ∨ walk(x))

Universe of discourse for the variable x is all students.

C(x): x is taking CSE 260.

M(x): X is a CSE major.

∀x(M(x) ∧ C(x)) in English is

• Every student is a CSE major and they all are taking CSE 260

• Every CSE student is taking CSE 260

• All student who take CSE 260 is a CSE major

• None of the above

Translate this to english.

∀x(∀y love (x,y)→ (love(x,x))

Universe of discourse for the variable x is anyone and y is everyone.

love(x,y): Anyone loves everyone

love(x,x): Anyone loves himself

• Anyone who loves anyone, loves himself

• Anyone who loves everyone, loves himself

• Everyone who loves anyone, loves himself

• None of the above

Based on the following pair of expression, determine whether the answer is true or false

UNIFY(queen(a), ⌐queen(elizabeth)) = (elizabeth/a)

• True

• False

Based on the following pair of expression, determine whether the answer is true or false

UNIFY(ancestor(X,father(X)), ancestor(ali,ahmad)) = (ali/x, father(ahmad)/x)

• True

• False

How many steps involved in refutation?

• 2 steps

• 3 steps

• 8 steps

• 9 steps

First step of refutation is convert…

• A. English to clause form

• B. Clause form to english

• C. Predicates to clause form

• D. Clause form to predicates

How many steps in converting predicates to clause form

• 9 steps

• 6 steps

• 3 steps

• 2 steps

Choose the correct answer

Statement --> FOPC --> --> Resolution Refutation

• English

• Predicates

• Clause form

• Reputation