7th Medieval Europe

In 800, Charlemagne accepted the Pope's offer to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor. This act had the practical effect of

• declaring that Rome was holier than any other city.

• proving that the Pope was as powerful as the Byzantine emperor.

• recognizing Charlemagne as the true head of the Catholic Church.

• establishing Christianity as the religion of Europe.

Which statement best explains how Charlemagne affected European feudalism?

• He weakened it by upholding the legal rights of peasants against wealthy landowners who sought to enslave them.

• He strengthened it by sending his knights to serve in the army of the Byzantine Empire to gain military experience.

• He weakened it by encouraging his nobles to sell much of their land to the recently arrived Vikings and Magyars.

• He strengthened it by expanding the practice of giving land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service.

Which of these is a way that Catholic monasteries preserved ancient languages and learning?

• They preserved artwork from Babylon and Persia.

• They wrote stories about early Egyptian legends.

• They taught ancient Chinese beliefs on religion.

• They saved ancient Greek and Roman writings.

For much of the Middle Ages, both popes and kings claimed the authority to appoint high church officials. In 1076, Pope Gregory VII ordered kings and princes not to appoint any church officials. Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV defied this order, and Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him and also removed him from his throne.

How was the incident described above resolved?

• Gregory VII was forced to allow Henry IV's appointments to the church.

• Henry IV convinced Pope Gregory VII to resign his office.

• Henry IV and Gregory VII were able to reach a compromise on the issue.

• Henry IV appeared before Pope Gregory VII to ask for his forgiveness.

In 800, Charlemagne aided Pope Leo III by putting down a rebellion in Rome. In return, the Pope

• gave him the title of Roman Emperor.

• supported his takeover of Constantinople.

• named him King of the Franks.

• allowed him to occupy Rome.

-several located inside a manor

-located on rivers or streams

-located on trade routes

-traders and customers met at local trade fairs

The list above best describes

• the rise of the nobles.

• the growth of medieval towns.

• the establishment of monasteries.

• the causes of feudalism.

At the time of the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Christianity had not spread far beyond the cities and towns along the Mediterranean coast. Priests and monks traveled across the Alps to northern Europe as missionaries, converting people to Christianity. Monks began and ended their days and prayer. Some cared for the sick or worked copying religious manuscripts when they weren’t doing missionary work.

The monks discussed in the passage above gathered together in

• the Hagia Sophia.

• monasteries.

• The Vatican.

• cathedrals.

Which of the following is a major influence on the climate of Western Europe?

• the Trade Winds

• the Polar Easterlies

• the Canary Current

• the North Atlantic Drift

During the early 1200s, a group of English lords forced their king to sign a document known as the Magna Carta. This document accomplished several goals for these English lords such as ensuring that the king would not unfairly tax them or take their land. It stated that the king must follow English law. It also stated that people could not be held in jail without being charged with a crime or without a lawful judgement from their peers. More specifically, it stated that no one will be denied or delayed in receiving a fair trial.

Based on the passage, the Magna Carta limited the power of the English

• lords

• peasants

• merchants

• monarchs

No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions…except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land.

—Section from the Magna Carta, 1215

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial…

—Section from the Bill of Rights, Amendment VI, 1791

• checks and balances

• the right to have a lawyer

• a jury of peers in court

• presidential veto power