IB Bio HL 11.3 (Kidney Failure)

What does GFR indicate?

• How well substances are reabsorbed by nephrons.

• The proportion of urea removed from the blood.

• How much blood passes through the kidneys each minute.

• Whether there are leaks in the glomerulus

How can urine be used to diagnose diabetes?

• There would be blood in the urine

• There would be glucose in the urine

• There would be proteins in the urine

• There would be salt in the urine

If red blood cells are found in urine, this indicates a problem with...

• The basement membrane in the glomerulus

• The proximal convoluted tubule

• The loop of Henle

• The collecting duct

PKU is...

• A bacterial disease resulting in inability to convert phenylalanine into other amino acids.

• A genetic disease resulting in inability to produce phenylalanine.

• When a healthy person excretes excess phenylalanine.

• A genetic disease resulting in inability to convert phenylalanine into other amino acids.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Why would a person require hemodialysis?

• Their blood contains too many toxins

• Their kidneys are not functioning well enough to maintain health

• Their liver is producing too much urea

• Their kidneys have been damaged

What is a dialyzer?

• A machine that pumps fluid into the blood

• A machine through which blood and dialysis fluid are pumped, separated by a semi-permeable membrane

• A machine that replaces 'dirty' blood with 'clean' blood

• A machine that filters blood

Which correctly describes how a dialyzer works?

• Waste is pumped out of the blood and into dialysis fluid.

• Dialysis fluid is mixed with blood and then pumped back into the patient.

• Blood is pumped into a machine, where it is enriched with oxygen and glucose.

• Fluid is pumped through the machine and waste moves out of the blood into the fluid by diffusion.

How does a dialyzer ensure that only waste is removed from the blood stream?

• Dialysis fluid does not contain urea.

• Dialysis fluid contains nutrients at the same concentration as blood.

• Dialysis fluid is pumped in the opposite direction to the blood, to maintain a concentration gradient.

• Blood is separated from the dialysis fluid by a semi-permeable membrane.

How frequently is dialysis required?

• Once a week

• Three times a month

• Once a day

• Three times a week

How long does dialysis take?

• 4 hours

• 3 hours

• 2 hours

• 1 hour