Fall 2020 Regents Review- Biochemistry

There are over 2000 kinds of edible insects in the world, and they are becoming an increasingly popular source of protein. One cup of cricket flour contains over 28 grams of protein. The building blocks of the protein in cricket flour are

• amino acids

• water

• simple sugars

• carbohydrates

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Protein synthesis is accomplished primarily by the interaction of which two cell structures?

• vacuoles and mitochondria

• ribosomes and vacuoles

• nuclei and ribosomes

• nuclei and mitochondria

In which cell structure is energy extracted from nutrients?

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

• ribosome

• vacuole

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The Venus flytrap is a Plant that has a unique system by which it traps and breaks down its prey. Unsuspecting insects land on the leaf and touch tiny hairs located on the leaf triggering the leaf to close around the prey.

The substance responsible for breaking down the Venus flytrap's prey most likely contains

• chlorophyll molecules

• glucose molecules

• hormone molecules

• enzyme molecules

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

It may be harmful when people compete to see who can hold their breath the longest underwater. Without oxygen, brain cells

• cannot make enough ATP

• have too few mitochondria

• make too many enzymes

• have too much water

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Students did an experiment comparing the

activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D.

The results are represented in the graph below.

A valid conclusion based on the information in the graph is that

• the pH of some enzymes changes as the temperature changes

• enzymes change color in proportion to the rate of activity

• a difference in the pH of an environment changes enzyme activity

• enzyme activity causes acids to change into bases over time

A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rest in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to

• maintain homeostasis

• detect variations

• attract mates

• obtain nutrients

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The diagram below represents changes that take place within the human body.

The diagram represents

• cellular differentiation

• biological evolution

• gene interaction

• dynamic equilibrium

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

An experiment is carried out to determine how different pH values of soil will affect the growth of tomato plants. In this experiment, the dependent variable could be the

• height of the tomato plants

• pH of the soil

• specific variety of tomato plants used

• pH of enzymes in tomato leaf cells

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Using microscopes he constructed in the 1600s, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered a new microscopic world. His discoveries paved the way for the development of the microscopes used today and for many important biological breakthroughs.

Which statement best describes van Leeuwenhoek's work?

• His observations alone provided enough information to form modern biological theories.

• The microscopes he made were used by all scientists and have remained unchanged over the years.

• Knowledge gained by his work has led to the improvement and

  development of modern scientific concepts.

• Explanations of the microscopic world today are solely based on his observations and conclusions.