Module 4 Summative

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

• reflexive

• observational

• associative

• instinctive

“Eyeblink conditioning” can be used to demonstrate classical conditioning safely with a human volunteer. A puff of air aimed at your eye will naturally produce a blinking response. Using this reflex, what could we do to create a complete classical conditioning demonstration?

• Ring a bell just after the puff of air, until the person blinks to the bell alone.

• Ring a bell just before the puff of air, until the person blinks to the puff of air alone.

• Ring a bell just after the puff of air, until the person blinks to the puff of air alone.

• Ring a bell just before the puff of air, until the person blinks to bell alone.

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned response

• conditioned response

• unconditioned stimulus

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

• classical conditioning

• modeling

• operant conditioning

• latent learning

Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct?

• He is famous for demonstrating observational learning, and is best known for his Bobo doll experiment, where children watched models of aggression and mimicked the aggression they saw adults display when they played with the doll.

• He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze.

• He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

• He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove that fear is both an instinct and a reflex.

Dave’s boss told him that he doesn’t have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave’s boss is using ________.

• negative reinforcement

• negative punishment

• positive reinforcement

• positive punishment

According to Albert Bandura, ________.

• Learning can occur when creatures make a cognitive map of their surroundings

• Learning is the result of reinforcing desired behavior at fixed intervals.

• Organisms cannot learn if they do not receive immediate reinforcement.

• Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

• visual

• semantic

• automatic

• sensory

Felipe looks over his presentation, and he notices that some of the words are written in bold and some are written in italic. His ability to remember these differences is an example of ________ encoding.

• acoustic

• visual

• semantic

• sensory

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

• sensory

• effortful

• implicit

• procedural