Civil War Battles/Compromise of 1877

Read the following central idea statements.

The 14th and 15th Amendments gave African-Americans citizenship and constitutional protection.

The Compromise of 1877 settled the 1876 presidential election.

The end of Reconstruction resulted in a loss of civil rights for African-Americans.

Rutherford Hayes agreed to support the Texas and Pacific Railroad.

Which two answer choices accurately reflect the CENTRAL ideas of the article(Compromise 1877)?

• 1 and 2

• 2 and 3

• 1 and 3

• 2 and 4

Read the following two details from the article.

A series of Supreme Court decisions, starting in 1873, limited the power of Reconstruction-era laws.

Policies respecting the civil and political rights of African-Americans were unpopular in many places.

Select the answer choice that BEST explains how these details develop a central idea of the article.

• Both details illustrate how Reconstruction policies were the result of corrupt politics and ineffective leadership.

• Both details illustrate how the South never moved on from the systematic racism that existed before and during the Civil War.

• Both details support the idea that the United States was not yet ready for the full racial equality proposed in Reconstruction policies.

• Both details support the idea that Reconstruction policies were at the center of the controversy over the 1876 presidential election.

Which of the following ideas did the author develop the LEAST in this article about the Compromise of 1877?

• concessions that Hayes had to make to become president

• events that led up to the contested election of 1876

• reasons why the South did not accept Reconstruction-era policies

• details about how politicians eventually arrived at the compromise

What role did the Compromise of 1877 play in Southern society in the years after the election of Rutherford B. Hayes?

• It allowed racial segregation, inequality and disenfranchisement to increase.

• It allowed the South to cling to the practice of slavery that existed before the Civil War.

• It allowed for some progress toward racial equality, but it was slower than it would have been otherwise.

• It allowed divisions to further grow between the culture of racial equality in the North and inequality in the South.

Read the paragraph from the article(Battles of the Civil War)

Confederate General Robert E. Lee had decided to take the war to the North. He devised a plan to split his army and take supplies in Maryland, move into Pennsylvania, and threaten Washington, D.C. His plans fell into Union hands, and the Union Army marched to confront the force he commanded at Antietam Creek. However, the Union General McClellan, known for his cautious approach to engaging in battle, had responded tentatively, waiting 18 hours before moving his troops. This gave the Confederates time to bring in reinforcements.

Which phrase BEST emphasizes what the author means by "responded tentatively"?

• devised a plan

• cautious approach

• marched to confront

• bring in reinforcements

Read the sentence from the section “Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863)."

Although Antietam was a setback to Lee's plans, the Union failed to capitalize on it. Lincoln replaced McClellan, but his new generals lost decisively at Fredericksburg, Virginia (December 13, 1862), and Chancellorsville, Virginia (April 30 – May 4, 1863).

What does the phrase "failed to capitalize" convey in the sentence?

• the sense that the Union Army was losing the Civil War and allowing the Confederate Army to get easy victories

• the sense that the Union Army missed an opportunity to take advantage of the Confederate Army's loss

• the sense that the Union Army was completely dominating the Confederate Army throughout the entire Civil War

• the sense that the Union Army was fighting sloppily and that the Confederate Army was the stronger side

Which of the following provides the BEST analysis of the article's concluding section “Vicksburg (May 22–July 4, 1863)”?

• The conclusion effectively describes a pivotal battle of the Civil War and also succinctly summarizes the main idea of the article.

• The conclusion effectively describes the final battle of the Civil War and explains why it was the battle to end the fighting permanently.

• The conclusion ineffectively attempts to highlight a notable battle of the Civil War and fails to capture the importance of the battle in the description.

• The conclusion ineffectively highlights the most significant battle of the Civil War and makes it seem as if it were like any other battle.

Read the two selections from the article.

The American Civil War lasted four years and was the bloodiest war in American history.

Union casualties numbered around 23,000, while Confederate casualties numbered around 28,000.

How do these two selections contribute to the effectiveness of the author's narrative?

• They present contrasting facts about the Civil War and its defining battles.

• They present two opinions about the Civil War that build on each other.

• They present a claim and provide a counterclaim to refute the statement.

• They present a claim and provide evidence that supports the claim.