Gene expression and regulation

Most gene regulation happens at which step along the way?

• translation
• transcription
• signal transduction
• DNA replication

In the lac operon model the genes within the operon will be expressed if:

• lactose is absent in the cell
• glucose is present in the cell
• lactose is present in the cell

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
• They often delete things that organisms need.
• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

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In eukaryotes, proteins that help the RNA polymerase bind to the regulatory region for transcription are called ____________.

• transcription factors
• topoisomerase
• regulatory genes
• activators

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How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

• The two different cells become mutated
• The proteins expressed in each cell are different
• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
• The genome of the different cells changes

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True or False: All of your body cells contain the same genes.

• True

• False

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6D CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism. Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence.

How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?

• By activating or deactivating specific genes

• By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce

• By identifying how closely related one individual is to another

• By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism

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6D: The Himalayan rabbit's habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur. A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur. Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was black and not white?

• The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures

• The white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit's body temperature decreased

• The coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit

• White hair only grows during certain times of the year

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6D: The arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?

• The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude

• The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature

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6D From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?

• Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells.

• Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals.

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