Quiz about Ecology Unit Exam Review

Question 1

The diagram shows living and nonliving factors and the interaction between them. The diagram best represents

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an ecosystem

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a species

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a population

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a community

Question 2

The diagram represents a food web. What do the arrows in the diagram represent?

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the flow of energy

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ecological succession

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an increase in population

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the evolution of organisms

Question 3

The diagram represents a food web. Which of the following is an herbivore in the food web?

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deer

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frog

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grass

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owl

Question 4

The diagram represents a food web. Which statement correctly describes interactions between organisms in this ecosystem?

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Snakes compete with hawks for food and hawks are predators of snakes.

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Hawks and snakes prey on both rabbits and mice.

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Mountain lions are predators of deer and mice.

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Frogs compete with mice and owls for crickets.

Question 5

Base your answer to the question on the diagram and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents part of a food web. Which population would be most immediately affected by the removal of the lizard population?

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ants

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sedges

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algae

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centipedes

Question 6

The diagram represents an energy pyramid. Which type of organism could occupy levels B, C, and D of this energy pyramid?

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consumer

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producer

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autotroph

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carnivore

Question 7

In this food chain, the owl is the

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tertiary consumer

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producer

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primary consumer

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secondary consumer

Question 8

Which of the following is the term for organisms that must consume their food?

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heterotroph

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autotroph

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producer

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decomposer

Question 9

Which statement best describes the role of decomposers?

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They break down organic compounds into products used by other organisms.

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They convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose.

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They release oxygen to the atmosphere.

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They provide energy for the synthesis of proteins.

Question 10

Throughout New York State, some farmers have switched from growing a variety of vegetable crops to growing a single crop, such as corn. Other farmers are concerned that such a practice will make it more likely that an entire crop could be lost to disease or infestation by an insect pest. This is a valid concern because this practice

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reduces the biodiversity of their fields

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increases the number of decomposers in their fields

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decreases the need to import food

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increases the number of invasive species

Question 11

A new automobile manufacturing plant is opening in a certain town. It will have some negative environmental impacts. This is a trade-off that the town officials had to consider carefully before giving final approval. They most likely gave their approval because the negative impacts would be offset by the

Accepted Answer

creation of new employment opportunities

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release of pollutants into the environment

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decrease of property values in the area around the plant

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increase of automobile traffic in the area around the plant

Question 12

The chart above compares the greenhouse gas emissions of several fuel sources. An accurate prediction that could be made regarding the information shown in the chart is that

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the use of any one of the ethanol sources for fuel will each produce less greenhouse gases than the use of gasoline for fuel

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a total change from gasoline to ethanol as a fuel would have no effect on greenhouse gas emissions

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fossil fuels emit the least amount of greenhouse gases

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the use of biomass-based fuels instead of fossil fuels will greatly increase the production of greenhouse gases

Question 13

An increase in human population puts a stress on resources that can be renewed, such as

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water and trees

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trees and coal

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water and gasoline

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oil and natural gas

Question 14

Which graph best illustrates the change in the human population over the past 2000 years?

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Option A is correct

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B.

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C.

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D.

Question 15

By studying the chemicals in rare plants that grow only in rain forests, scientists hope to discover new life-saving medicines. Chances of finding such new medicines are reduced by

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loss of biodiversity due to human activities

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predation by carnivores

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homeostasis in organisms

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recycling of materials in food webs

Question 16

What is the name for the process where one ecosystem replaces another in a predictable way, shown in the diagram above?

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ecological succession

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evolution

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feedback

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direct harvesting

Question 17

The graph represents a predator-prey relationship. What is the most probable reason for the increasing predator population from day 5 to day 7?

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an increasing food supply from day 5 to day 6

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a predator population equal in size to the prey population from day 5 to day 6

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the decreasing prey population from day 1 to day 2

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the extinction of the yeast on day 3

Question 18

Select the term most closely associated with the statement: The roots of the mistletoe plant absorb nutrients from living oak trees, causing some damage to the tissues of the trees.

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parasitism

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mutualism

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commensalism

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competition

Question 19

Base your answer to the question on the graph above and on your knowledge of biology. The graph shows the size of a population over time. Which term best identifies line B in the graph?

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carrying capacity of the environment

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niche of the species in the environment

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biodiversity in the environment

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number of populations in the environment

Question 20

Two species of animals with a similar appearance live in the same habitat but do not compete for food. This is because they most likely

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occupy different ecological niches

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reproduce at different times of the year

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are the same size

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are active at night

Question 21

In an ocean, the growth and survival of seaweed, small fish, and sharks depends on abiotic factors such as

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sunlight, temperature, and minerals

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sunlight, pH, and type of seaweed

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number of decomposers, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

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number of herbivores, carbon, and food

Question 22

Base your answer to the question on the graph above and on your knowledge of biology.

In the pond where these fish live, temperature is both a

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limiting factor and abiotic factor

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source of energy and biotic factor

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source of nutrition and abiotic factor

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limiting factor and biotic factor

Question 23

An invasive species, the spiny water flea, was recently found in a New York lake. These water fleas eat zooplankton, a food also consumed by native fishes. The fleas spread from lake to lake by attaching to fishing lines, anchor ropes, and boats. Which statement best describes the effect of the water flea on the lake?

Accepted Answer

It will feed on organisms that are important to other species.

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It will not compete with animals in the local food chain.

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The number of water fleas will decrease due to a lack of food.

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There will be no effect on native species in the lake.

Question 24

The acacia tree is protected from other insects by a certain species of ant. The ants, in turn, feed on a sweet secretion produced by the tree. This type of nutritional relationship is known as

Accepted Answer

mutualism

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commensalism

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parasitism

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competition

Question 25

The graph below shows levels of a form of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) and ozone thickness in Australia during December 1987 and January 1988.

Which statement best describes the apparent relationship between ozone and UV-B?

Accepted Answer

When the ozone layer is thinner, more UV-B gets through it.

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When ozone levels are at 2550 Dobson units, the UV-B levels are at 250 Dobson units.

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The increase in UV-B reduces the destruction of the ozone layer.

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If the ozone layer is thicker, UV-B levels on the ground increase.

Question 26

Continued depletion of the ozone layer will most likely result in

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an increase in skin cancer among humans

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a decrease in atmospheric pollutants

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an increase in marine ecosystem stability

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a decrease in climatic changes

Question 27

Most scientists recommend reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would be expected to

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reduce the rate of global warming

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increase damage caused by acid rain

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decrease the number of biotic factors in ecosystems

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reduce destruction of the ozone layer

Question 28

The Mississippi River Delta wetlands ecosystem is home to a large number of fish, birds, and other aquatic organisms. During the last century, this ecosystem has seen a decrease in wetland areas and species diversity due to land development, agriculture, and flooding. Conservation groups have been working to reconnect the Mississippi River with its flood plain and restore lost wetlands. One result of restoring wetland areas in this ecosystem would be

Accepted Answer

an increase in the carrying capacity of the ecosystem for wetland organisms

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an increase in abiotic factors that would cause organisms to develop new adaptations

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the development of an ecosystem that will prevent invasive species from settling there

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to prevent the organisms that live in this ecosystem from competing for food and shelter

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