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What is the main benefit to using genetically modified organisms, even though their use has sparked an ethical debate around the world?

• Humans can produce more insulin naturally.

• Fewer pharmaceutical products are produced.

• Farm products have a more pleasing appearance.

• Fewer pesticides are released into the environment.

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Which best explains the genetic similarities between species?

• More closely related species will have identical DNA.

• More closely related species will have fewer DNA similarities.

• More closely related species will have more similarities in DNA.

• There is no link between the relationships of species and their DNA.

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What is the main goal of the Human Genome Project?

• to find cures for genetic diseases

• to find all mutations in human DNA

• to sequence all DNA on human chromosomes

• to count the number of genes in human DNA

A biochemist is working to isolate the insulin that a transgenic bacterial culture has produced. Which step of the transgenic process would have come right before the protein isolation?

• Insulin is purified and packaged for use.

• Bacteria cells are induced to take in the insulin plasmid.

• Cultured bacterial cells are induced to make the transgenic protein.

• Restriction enzymes cut the plasmid for insertion of the insulin gene.

What is the goal of genetic engineering?

• to create a stronger, more resilient organism

• to create a homozygous hybrid

• to map the organism’s genes

• to map a new set of genes

Opponents of the genetic engineering of plants argue that it is difficult to accurately predict the consequences of plant alterations to the local habitat. Which is the most likely negative outcome of genetic modification in plants?

• Genetically engineered plants would outcompete the local, native plants, causing massive die outs.

• Genetically engineered plants would outcompete the local, native plants, causing massive die outs.

• Genetically engineered plants that are greener in appearance would be chosen more often as food by consumers.

• Genetically engineered plants would transfer genes to the local, native plants, creating new species that cannot be killed.

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The diagram below shows the steps in bacterial transformation.

In which step would restriction enzymes most likely be used?

• Step 1

• Step 2

• Step 3

• Step 4

What is one way transgenic organisms are used?

• as a tool for breeding

• in cataloging endangered species

• in the production of human insulin

• in the identification of invasive species

The diagram of the bacterial cell below shows the structures necessary for the creation of a transgenic organism.

Which statement correctly identifies the structure labeled a

• Structure II is a ribosome. The ribosome combines with the host organism’s genetic material to create recombinant DNA, which is then inserted into a host organism to create a transgenic organism.

• Structure II is a nucleus. The nucleus releases its genetic material to combine with the host organism’s mitochondria and create recombinant DNA, which is then inserted into a host organism to create a transgenic organism.

• Structure II is a bacterial plasmid. Genetic material is inserted into the plasmid, which is then placed into the cells of another organism where it combines with that organism’s chromosomes to create a transgenic organism.

• Structure II is a mitochondrion. Genetic material is inserted into the mitochondrion, which is then placed into the cells of another organism where it combines with that organism’s chromosomes to create a transgenic organism.

Why is stem cell research important within the field of medicine?

• Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into many other types of cells.

• Unlike other types of cells, stem cells only replicate a limited number of times.

• Stem cells are differentiated cells that can become undifferentiated and turned into another cell type.

• Unlike other types of cells, stem cells are resistant to the mutations that change DNA sequences and cause cancer.

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