AP Psychology Module 9 and 10

Phrenology has been discredited, but which of the following ideas has its origins in phrenology?

• The left brain is more creative than the right brain.

• Brain cavities contribute to sense of humor.

• The left hemisphere lead to emotional responses.

• Specific areas of the brain control specific functions.

• The mind pumps warmth and vitality into the body.

Neurotransmitters cross the ______________ to carry information to the next neuron.

• synaptic gap

• axon

• myelin sheath

• dendrites

• cell body

Your friend is taking her first psychology class. She comes to you saying, “I don't understand why we are studying the brain; I thought this was a psychology class.” Because of your background in psychology, your best response should be

• “It's been known since Aristotle's time that the brain is the center of intelligence and thought.”

• “Phrenologists established the importance of studying the physical brain to understand mental abilities.”

• “Science has demonstrated that Plato's belief in the heart as the origin of emotion is correct.”

• “Everything psychological is simultaneously biological.”

• “Being able to name the parts of the brain helps us understand the basis of behavior.”

Dendrites are branching extensions of

• neurotransmitters.

• endorphins.

• neurons.

• myelin.

• endocrine glands.

An axon is

• a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system.

• a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons.

• an antagonist molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites.

• the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.

• a junction between a sending and receiving neuron.

Hormones are ______________ released into the bloodstream.

• neurons

• myelin

• action potentials

• electrical messengers

• chemical messengers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system calms a person down once a stressful event has passed?

• Parasympathetic

• Central

• Somatic

• Sympathetic

• Endocrine

Nerves are neural cables containing many

• hormones.

• endorphins.

• interneurons.

• axons.

• lesions.

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

• action potential.

• autonomic nervous system.

• endocrine system.

• peripheral nervous system.

• central nervous system.

Mandy came home late. As she reached to turn on the kitchen light, her hand brushed against something unexpected. Her adrenal glands, as a part of the “fight-or-flight” response, released epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increased her heart rate and blood pressure. Even after she realized it was just the curtain, her excited feelings lingered. This example illustrates

• how chemicals can amplify or block a neurotransmitter's activity.

• that a resting axon has gates that block positive sodium ions.

• how the myelin sheath insulates and increases the speed of neural messages.

• the all-or-none response in neural firing.

• that endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages.