Chapter 7 Review (Truman to Obama)

What belongs in the center of the diagram?

• President Lyndon Johnson creates the Great Society.

• Overspending and speculation leads to a severe recession.

• Automobile culture grows rapidly in the United States.

• Companies move manufacturing jobs to overseas factories.

Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the impact of the Tet Offensive?

• It failed to achieve its goal of driving the Americans out of Vietnam, but it led many more Americans to question the war.

• It was considered a massive military failure for the Vietcong, but it succeeded in convincing President Johnson to abandon the region.

• It represented a turning point in the Vietnam War that solidified the support of the American public for continued military involvement.

• It was the Vietcong's largest and most damaging campaign of the entire war, which ended in the withdrawal of US ground troops from Vietnam.

Read the text of the loyalty oath California state employees were required to sign in the 1950s and answer the question.

I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of my office according to the best of my ability.

Having taken the constitutional oath of the office required by the State of California, I hereby formally acknowledge my acceptance of the position and salary named, and also state that I am not a member of the Communist Party or any other organization which advocates the overthrow of the Government by force or violence, and that I have no commitments in conflict with my responsibilities with respect to impartial scholarship and free pursuit of truth. I understand that the foregoing statement is a condition of my employment and a consideration of payment of my salary.

Of what is this oath representative?

• state-level efforts to challenge federal propaganda during the Red Scare.

• fears that news of the Russian Revolution would inspire riots in major cities.

• concerns regarding the global impact of Soviet glasnost and perestroika reforms.

• government crackdowns on personal freedoms in response to Cold War paranoia

Read the excerpt from an executive order issued by President Harry Truman and answer the question.

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin.

— Executive Order 9981

What played an important role in influencing Truman to issue this executive order?

• the contributions of the Flying Tigers during World War II

• the contributions of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II

• low levels of enlistment in the US military during World War II

• low levels of public support for the war effort during World War II.

Use the graph to answer the question.

What US foreign policy accounts for the trend illustrated in the graph?

• US containment policy led the country to draft and deploy millions of troops to Korea.

• US containment policy led the country to draft and deploy millions of troops to Vietnam.

• US support for the United Nations caused the country to lead the UN’s intervention in Korea.

• US support for the United Nations caused the country to lead the UN’s intervention in Vietnam.

Why were Vietnam veterans shunned while World War II veterans were celebrated when they returned home?

• Veteran's benefits were a large government expenditure in a time of economic stagnation.

• President Nixon's policy of détente with China caused public sympathy for the communists.

• Veterans symbolized the country's involvement in a losing war that many saw as unjust.

• President Nixon's policy of Vietnamization caused public support for the Vietnamese to grow.

Use the map of post–World War II Europe to answer the question.

Which group of countries received aid under the Marshall Plan? Why was the other group not given aid?

• Group 2 received aid because the United States wanted to strengthen Eastern European economies and prevent communism from spreading. Countries in Group 1 were in the Soviet sphere of influence and were prevented from participating in the Marshall Plan.

• Group 1 received aid because the United States wanted to strengthen Western European economies and prevent communism from spreading. Countries in Group 2 were in the Soviet sphere of influence and were prevented from participating in the Marshall Plan.

• Group 1 received aid because the United States wanted to undermine the communist governments that took over these countries after the war. Countries in Group 2 did not receive aid because they were democracies that successfully rebuilt and did not need the aid.

• Group 2 received aid because the United States wanted to undermine the communist governments that took over these countries after the war. Countries in Group 1 did not receive aid because they were democracies that successfully rebuilt and did not need the aid.

Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated when he was

• investigating a civil rights violation as attorney general.

• campaigning for the Democratic presidential nomination.

• vacationing with his family in Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

• giving a speech urging Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act.

The Cuban Missile Crisis, arguably the closest the world has come to nuclear war, was resolved when

• Cuba agreed to dismantle their offensive missiles and return them to Soviet Union in exchange for dismantling similar weapons housed in Turkey by the US.

• the US Army invaded Cuba via the Bay of Pigs and successfully captured the Soviet stockpile of weapons.

• a secret force sent into Cuba by the CIA managed to destroy the Soviet missiles' guidance systems.

• US spy planes photographed the Soviet missiles being housed in Cuba, removing the Soviets' element of surprise and making further action on their part futile.

What contributed the most to the spread of a national popular culture in the United States during the mid-twentieth century?

• the invention of television

• the return to isolationism

• the rise of the middle class

• the expansion of civil rights