AP Government Review #1

A landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent political expenditures by corporations and unions.

• McCutcheon v FEC

• BCRA v FECA

• Citizens United v FEC

• Buckely v Valeo

An organization that has an IRS code designation that raises and spends money to advance political causes.

• 501 (c) (4) organization

• 527 organization

• SuperPacs

• 501 (c)(3) organization

Financial donations with specific limits made to campaign committees or political parties by individuals or PACS.

• free money

• donations

• soft money

• Hard money

Contributions to this organization are tax deductible.

• 501 (c) (3)

• 501 (c) (4)

• SuperPACs

• PACS

The "separate but equal" doctrine as it applies to public education is unconstitutional; separate schools are inherently unequal. The court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. The question before the court was if it was okay to have schools based on race, that were not equal. It integrated schools.

• Tinker v Des Moines

• Baker v Carr

• Brown v Board

• Engel v Vitale

An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs.

• valence

• universal

• position

• prospective

voting for a candidate because you like his/her ideas for handling an issue

• prospective

• retrospective

• perspective

• position

drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party

• lizarding

• partisan districting

• gerrymandering

• sleazy

the alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence of the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president

• positioning

• backdooring

• coattails

• surging

a committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

• PAC

• Super PAC

• Interest Group

• 527 organization