Topic 3 - Law of Agency

'He is a person for whom such act is done, or who is so represented in dealing with a third party.'

The agreement created between principal and agent is

'A person, by his words/conducts, allows a 3^rd party to believe that B is his agent even when B is not, and the 3^rd party relies on it to his detriment, that person will be estopped/precluded from denying the existence of B’s authority.'

A is agent by way of

In the agency by ratification, if the principal does not ratify the contract made by the agent, the effect of the contract is _____

Contracts are made between the principal and the third party or directly with the agent.

_________ arises where P implies that A is his agent even though that is not. He is then prevented or "stopped" from denying A's authority.

A void or illegal contract may still be ratified.

An agency relationship can be established in some ways....

In which of the following circumstances, an agency by necessity may be created?

Nouman enters into a contract with Kassim to sell him 1000 kg of wheat. Kassim used his own name when signing the contract. Afterwards Nouman discovered that Kassim was actually acting as an agent for Zakir. If later Zakir breaches the contract, under the law of agency, Nouman _____