M36 Reading Check

Phonemes are...

• The rules of grammar that dictate letter combinations in a language.

• the smallest unit of sound in a language.

• the smallest unit of meaning in a language.

• semantically the same as morphemes.

• about 100 different words that are common to all languages.

Unlike B.F. Skinner, Noam Chomsky believes that children...

• learn to speak by mimicking the sounds around them.

• speak more quickly if their parents correct their mispronunciations early.

• are hard-wired for language acquisition.

• learn language more quickly if positive rewards are given to them.

• can learn to speak correctly only during a critical age.

Which of the following is a holophrase 1-year-old Amanda is likely to say?

• "Mmmm"

• "Gaga"

• "Eat apple"

• "I eated the cookie"

• "Bottle"

According to the theory of linguistic relativity, a person's ______ influences his or her _____.

• relatives; language

• decision-making; reasoning

• reasoning; language

• language; thoughts

• thoughts; language

Chimps use words as ____ like humans do, but unlike humans, chimps do not ____.

• symbols; know what the symbols mean

• ideas; use any aspects of language

• sentences; think about items that are out of sight

• symbols; apply the rules of grammar

• concepts; use the correct morphemes and phonemes

About what age do infants reach the first stage of language development?

• at birth

• 2 months

• 4 months

• 9 months

• 12 months

A young child who points to the bakery shelves and says, "You give cupcake," is exhibiting...

• a mental set.

• flexibility.

• telegraphic speech.

• linguistic relativity.

• creativity.

Which of the following is a single morpheme?

• the sound "ch"

• the suffix "-ly"

• the vowel "e"

• the word "birds"

• the sentence "Cars go fast."

How might language affect cognition? Consider the theory of linguistic relativity.