A forest ecosystem food web is shown below. If additional wrens (small birds) are introduced into this ecosystem, there will most likely be an immediate decrease in the

• frog population

• snake population

• falcon population

• grasshopper population

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In a pond, the primary producer is a green algae; the primary consumer is a crustacean; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the third consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the crustaceans are killed with pesticide?

• The green algae population will probably die

• The bluegill population will probably increase

• The crustacean population will eat something else

• The smallmouth bass population will die

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Ecosystems are composed of all living and nonliving components in an area. Food webs show the flow of nutrients and energy within an ecosystem. Use the food web to answer the following question. Suppose that a new predator of the rabbit migrated (entered in) to this ecosystem. What is the most likely initial effect on the other organisms?

• More competition among the mice for food

• more competition among the hawks for food

• less competition among snakes for food

• less grass available for food.

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How would the removal of earthworms from the food chain affect the other organisms?

• The number of bass (fish) will increase

• the number of crayfish will decrease

• the crayfish will get their energy directly from the sun

• The number of bass (fish) and ospreys (bird) will increase

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In ecosystems, the sun's energy is transferred through food webs as show below. The sun's energy is most directly available to people through

• Path A

• Path B

• Path C

• Path D

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The picture below shows an energy pyramid. What will most likely happen to the foxes and the wolves if the rabbits are removed?

• The foxes will eat more wolves.

• The foxes will eat fewer wolves.

• There will be more foxes and wolves.

• There will be fewer foxes and wolves.

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The picture below shows an ocean bay food chain.Sea otters move into the ocean bay. They eat all the sea urchins. This change will cause the

• kelp to have less food.

• crabs to have more food

• sea ducks to have less food

• arctic faxes to have more food

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A marine food web is shown below. Which chart correctly shows three of the organisms according to their roles in cycling matter in the marine food web?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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The picture below shows the energy flow through a meadow community. Which of the following would most likely occur to the populations within the community of organisms immediately after a wildfire burns the environment?

• Hawks would increase and foxes would increase

• Hawks would decrease and foxes would increase

• Meadow plants would increase and rabbits would decrease

• Meadow plants would decrease and rabbits would decrease

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Which statement best describes the flow of energy as it passes through the organisms in the pyramid?

• Energy flows through the organisms from bottom to top and increases at each level

• Energy flows through the organisms from the bottom to top and decreases at each level.

• Energy flows through the organisms from top to bottom and increases at each level.

• Energy flows through the organisms from tops to bottom and decreases at each level.

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