AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Which hormone is most directly related to osmoregulation?

• Insulin

• HGH

• ADH

• Adrenaline

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

What evidence is there that cell communication is a process that has evolved over billions of years?

• Only cells with a nucleus are able to communicate effectively

• The processes are very similar in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Eukaryotic cells have much more advanced signaling pathways

• Prokaryotic cells are much more efficient at communicating.

Plant cells can exchange small soluble compounds with neighboring cells directly through junctions in the cell wall called -

• gap junctions

• thylakoids

• stomata

• plasmodesmata

Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?

• Activation of a G-protein receptor

• Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence

• Formation of cAMP

• Phosphorylation cascade

A mutation in a cell membrane receptor would most likely have what effect on a signal transduction pathway?

• Reduce the response of the pathway

• An alternative response will be expressed

• Increase ligand binding

• Increase ligand release from the effector cell

A person with an insulin deficiency would have trouble regulating what condition in their body?

• Blood calcium

• Blood pH

• Blood sugar

• Blood temperature

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Glucagon causes the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose for cells. What conditions would trigger the release of glucagon?

• High blood sugar

• Low blood pH

• High heart rate

• Low cellular ATP concentration

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?

• A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor

• Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells

• Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins

• cAMP is formed activating a desired response

What is a catabolic reaction?

• A reaction that requires an input of energy

• A reaction that forms complex molecules from simple building blocks

• A reaction that releases energy

• A reaction that breaks down complex molecules into their components

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body when they are released?

• All cells are affected by a hormone when it is released

• A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected

• A cell must have the proper ATP levels to activate a cellular response

• Cells need compatible DNA for the hormone to activate transcription of a gene