Honors Unit 3 Quiz

During which stage of interphase is DNA synthesized, and why is this step essential for cell division?

• G1; ensures the cell has energy for division

• S; ensures identical genetic material for daughter cells

• G2; ensures spindle fibers form

• Mitosis; ensures chromosomes condense

Which of the following events happen during interphase? Select 4

• Normal cell functions

• DNA replication

• Chromosomes condensing

• Growth of the cell

• Checkpoints for DNA damage

Which two components form the backbone of DNA, and what is their role?

• A. Adenine and thymine; hold strands together

• B. Guanine and cytosine; store genetic information

• C. Sugar and phosphate; provide structural support

• D. Histones and nucleosomes; package DNA

If a cell bypasses the G2 checkpoint despite DNA damage, what could be the potential outcome?

• The cell repairs itself

• Mutations may accumulate, leading to uncontrolled growth

• The cell immediately enters G₀

• Nothing happens; the cell continues normally

Place the steps of DNA replication in the correct order

• 1. Unzipping 2. Priming 3. Elongation 4. Termination

• 1. Priming 2. Unzipping 3. Termination 4. Elongation

• 1. Elongation 2. Termination 3. Unzipping 4. Priming

• 1. Priming 2. Unzipping 3. Elongation 4. Unzipping

Which stage has the highest percentage of cells?

• A. G1

• B. S

• C. G2

• D. Mitosis

Which of the following statements best explains why cancer cells are harmful?

• They grow slowly and die early

• They divide uncontrollably and crowd out normal cells

• They undergo apoptosis too frequently

• They cannot pass on genetic material

Why does DNA replication need to be accurate, and what could be the consequence of too many errors?

• Prevents mutations; errors can lead to disease

• Increases mutations; errors increase biodiversity

• Allows quicker cell division; errors stop mitosis

• Creates shorter DNA; errors make cells smaller

Which of the following describe cancer cells? Select 2

• Controlled growth and division

• Uncontrolled cell division

• Will not grow

• Ignore normal cell cycle checkpoints

What is the primary function of the S phase in the cell cycle?

• To divide the cytoplasm

• To synthesize new DNA

• To condense chromosomes

• To separate sister chromatids