Module 24 Vocab Retrieval and Retrieval Failure

The tendency for memory of information to be improved if related information (such as surroundings or physiological state) available when the memory is being retrieved.

• encoding specificity

• retrieval cue

• recall

• recognition

The ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact.

• encoding specificity

• recall

• recognition

• retrieval cue

Type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be “pulled” from memory with very few external cues.

• encoding specificity

• recall

• recognition

• recognition

A stimulus for remembering.

• recognition

• encoding specificity

• recall

• retrieval cue

Strategies and memory “tricks” to help us remember information more effectively.

• primacy effect

• recency effect

• serial position effect

• mnemonics

Tendency of information at the beginnings and end of a body of information to be remembered more accurately than information in the middle of the body of information.

• primacy effect

• recency effect

• serial position effect

• mnemonics

Tendency to remember information at the end of a body of information at the end of a body of information better than the information at the beginning of it.

• serial position effect

• mnemonics

• recency effect -

• primacy effect

Tendency to remember information at the beginning of a body of information better than the information that follows.

• recency effect

• Mnemonics

• serial position effect

• primacy effect

Type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it.

• flashbulb memories

• constructive processing

• misinformation effect

• hindsight bias

The tendency to falsely believe, through revision of older memories to include newer information, that one could have correctly predicted the outcome of an event.

• flashbulb memories

• constructive processing

• misinformation effect

• hindsight bias