14.3 Movement and Locomotion

How does movement occurs?

What is meant by antagonistic muscles?

Diagram 1 shows the structure of human forearm. What happens to the parts labelled P,Q, R and S when the arm is bent?

• P-contracts, Q-relaxes,R-Pulled upwards,S-pulled upwards

• P-relaxes,Q-contracts,R-pulled upwards,S-pulled upwards

• P-contracts,Q-relaxes,R-pulled downwards,S-pulled downwards

• P-relaxes,Q-contracts,R-pulled downwards,S-pulled downwards

Diagram 13 shows the arrangement of muscles and bones in a bird. What are X, Y and Z?

Diagram 5 shows the breast muscle of two birds, P and Q. There is a difference in the pectoralis major of both bird P and Q. Which of the following statement is true about the effect of pectoralis major structure of bird Q?

• It can fly higher

• the upward movement of the wings is weaker

• the downward movement of the wing is weaker

• the upward and downward movements of the wings are more rapid while flying

Diagram 6 shows locomotion in an earthworm. Which of the following statements explains the muscle condition of an earthworm in the part labelled P?

• longitudinal and circular muscles contracts at the same time

• longitudinal and circular muscles relax together at the same time

• longitudinal muscles contract while circular muscles relax

• longitudinal muscles relax while circular muscles contract

Diagram 7 shows the lateral view of a fish. Which parts A,B,C or D of the fish helps to control pitch of the fish and also in slowing down or stopping?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Diagram 8 shows the mechanism of locomotion in a grasshopper. What is the muscle condition during stage 2?

• the extensor muscles contract

• the flexor muscles contract

• the extensor muscles relax

• both flexor and extensor muscles contract at the same time

The following steps are involved in the movement of the arm.

I. Biceps contracts

II. Radius is pulled up

III. Triceps shortens

Iv. Tendon is stretched

Which of the following steps are involved in bending of the arm?

• I and II

• I and III

• II and IV

• III and IV

Diagram 10 shows a man swimming. What are the conditions of his arm muscles in this posture?

• LEFT ARM- biceps contracted ,triceps relaxed, RIGHT ARM-biceps relaxed, triceps contracted

• LEFT ARM-biceps relaxed, triceps contracted, RIGHT ARM-biceps contracted, triceps relaxed

• LEFT ARM-biceps contracted, triceps relaxed, RIGHT ARM-biceps contracted, triceps relaxed

• LEFT ARM-biceps relaxed, triceps contracted, RIGHT ARM-biceps relaxed, triceps contracted