DNA Replication and Gene Expression

At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?

• before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA

• before a cell divides, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells

• during cell division, to ensure that the DNA will fit in the resulting cells

• after a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA

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Which of the following statements describe processes that occur during DNA replication?

• A DNA sequence is read by RNA polymerase, which produces an RNA strand that is complementary to the DNA

• Two free-floating strands of DNA are joined together by polymerase.

• Messenger RNA are decoded by a ribosome to produce an amino acid chain. In the cytoplasm, transfer RNA joins with mRNA to form a polypeptide.

• A double-stranded DNA molecule is unwound into single strands. The enzyme polymerase matches the right nucleotides to the single strands so that each forms a double-stranded DNA.

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DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative. What does semi-conservative mean in the context of DNA replication?

• Only the important parts of the base sequence of the original DNA are conserved during replication.

• Only one strand of the double stranded DNA is replicated.

• Both DNA molecules resulting from replication have one of the original strands and one newly synthesized strands.

• DNA replication occurs in only half of the chromosomes during each cell cycle.

The image shows DNA replication. DNA replication helps to conserve genetic information. The main function of this process is to

• provide an exact copy of the genetic code

• ensure genetic variation within a species

• synthesize cellular proteins

• produce antibodies to combat disease

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What pattern is evident in this representation of DNA?

• every third base has a mutation

• guanine is always paired with cytosine

• this is a model of RNA

• there are three sugars between each phosphate group

The structure of DNA is similar to a twisted ladder; the structure is called a double helix. What purpose does the double helix structure serve?

• One strand of the DNA ladder is inherited from each parent

• the sugars and phosphates that make up the sides of the ladder are curved to conserve space inside the cell

• The double helix structure is just a random occurrence with no specific purpose

• the pattern of complementary bases on each side of the DNA ladder ensures that exact copies of the DNA are made during replication

The sequence of bases on one strand of DNA is AGC CTA. After replication, what is the sequence of bases on the complementary (opposite) strand?

• AGC CTA

• CTA GGC

• GAT CCG

• TCG GAT

DNA replication turns one strand of DNA into two new strands of DNA. What percent of each new strand is the old strand?

• Half of each new DNA is the old DNA
• The old strand of DNA was digested, so none
• The new DNA is entirely made up of the old DNA
• About every sixth base comes from the old DNA

Sometimes, DNA is called "semi-conservative." Why might this be?

• The old strand is "conserved" and used to make the new strands
• Uracil is "conserved" in that it is only used to make the new strands
• ATP is "conserved" via the usage of facilitated diffusion
• Ligase is "conserved" in that it is denatured by the process

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG

• ATG TGA CAG
• TAC ACT GTC
• GTA AGT GAC
• CAT TCA CTG