Biology EOC Released Exam (2019) - Part 3

How are mitosis and meiosis similar?

• both have two cell divisions

• both require DNA replication

• both produce gametes

• both involve crossing over

Genetically identical plants will produce either pink flowers or blue flowers, depending on the type of soil in which they are planted. What is most likely the explanation for the differences in flower color?

• The flower-color gene is codominant.

• Mutations alter the flower-color gene.

• The flower-color gene is sex-linked.

• Environmental factors affect flower color.

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This diagram shows DNA fingerprints for a child and four adults. Which adult is most likely a parent of the child?

• Adult 1

• Adult 2

• Adult 3

• Adult 4

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Which transgenic organism has been used to clean up oil spills?

• bacteria

• fungus

• jellyfish

• paramecia

An antibiotic which was effective 20 years ago against a specific type of bacterial infection no longer works against the same kind of infection today. Which best explains why the antibiotic is no longer as effective as it was 20 years ago?

• Bacteria resistant to the antibiotic have killed off nonresistant bacteria.

• Viruses have changed the structure of the bacteria that causes the infection.

• Resistant bacteria have survived and reproduced at a greater rate than nonresistant bacteria.

• The human body has developed an immunity to the antibiotics.

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An insecticide kills most of the ants on a plant. Over time, it is determined that the insecticide is not as effective for killing ants. Which statement best explains this observation?

• The ants killed initially by the insecticide were genetically the same as the surviving ants.

• The ants killed initially by the insecticide had thinner cell membranes than the surviving ants.

• The ants that survived were younger than those that died as a result of the insecticide.

• The ants killed by the insecticide and the surviving ants were genetically different.

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Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs belong to which kingdom?

• Animalia

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Protista

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Salivary amylase is an enzyme in humans that breaks down starches. What substance would humans have difficulty digesting without this enzyme?

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

• carbohydrates

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Which best explains why the rate of a biochemical reaction decreases at high temperatures?

• The activation energy increases.

• The shape of the enzyme changes.

• The enzyme-substrate complex forms.

• The bonds between substrates are broken.

A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a “pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process?

• DNA

• lipids

• ATP

• ribosomes

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