Biology Final Exam Review

Before they can pass from a parent cell to its offspring cells, the inherited instructions that a human cell carries must first be

• moved into the nucleus

• broken down and made into DNA molecules

• used to make specific protein molecules that form genes

• accurately replicated

Eye color, hair color, and skin color often vary from person to person and even within a family. One explanation is that

• the glucose units in a DNA molecule are often rearranged

• the genetic material of the female parent has the most influence on offspring

• the inherited traits of individuals are determined by different gene combinations

• some extra parts of genetic material are often gained during fertilization

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During periods of vigorous physical activity, a person’s breathing and heart rates increase. This enables the cells of the body to perform more efficiently because it helps the cells to

• remove waste products faster

• reduce the amount of ATP produced

• store excess glucose in muscles

• convert more oxygen to glucose

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Although all of the cells of a plant contain the same genetic material, root cells and leaf cells are not identical because they

• use different genetic bases for the synthesis of DNA

• select different cells to express

• use different parts of their genetic instructions

• delete different sections of their enzymes

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Which cell organelle is needed to produce ATP for energy for the cell?

• Cell Membrane

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Lysosome

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Which cell organelle is needed to produce proteins, such as enzymes or some types of hormones?

• Chloroplast

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Lysosome

Which cell organelle is needed by plant cells to photosynthesize?

• Chloroplast

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Lysosome

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If a leaf is placed in a very salty solution, water will move by osmosis in which direction?

• Out of the leaf cells, towards the salt water

• Into the leaf cells, away from the salt water

• Equally into and out of the leaf cells

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The genetic code of life in the DNA molecule is the sequence of

• phosphates

• nitrogen bases

• hydrogen bonds

• sugars

Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the

• size of a specific amino acid can vary within a protein

• chemical composition of a specific amino acid can vary

• sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein

• same amino acid can have many different properties

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