Scientists measure the increasing height of the Himalaya Mountains. Which of the following provides the BEST reason for the height increases of these mountains?

• convergent boundary between the Eurasian Plate and Indo-Australian Plate

• a divergent boundary between the African Plate and South American Plate

• a subduction boundary between the Nazca Plate and South American Plate

• a transformation boundary between the Iranian Plate and Arabian Plate

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The theory of plate tectonics is based on...

• evidence of sea floor spreading.

• topographic mapping of mountain ranges

• an analysis of soil at the plate boundaries.

• volcanic activity along coastlines.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which of these BEST explains how tectonic-plate movement causes the formation of mountain ranges?

• Convection currents in the mantle force two plates to collide

• Sediment builds upward due to crushing forces of subducting plates

• The plates separate, allowing the asthenosphere to push through and later cool

• Pressure from colliding plates melts rock that later cools to form large boulders.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

At what type of boundary do plates move apart, resulting in the upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor?

• transform

• subduction zone

• divergent (oceanic)

• convergent

21. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source, which is called the ____.

• seismic center

• epicenter

• focus

• fault

Most of Earth’s earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain occur

• plate boundaries

• in the center of continents

• volcanic arcs

• in the Himalayas

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

What is the type of plate boundary where 2 plates move together, causing one of the slaps of lithosphere to descend into the mantle beneath an overriding plate, often forming volcanic arcs?

• divergent

• continental-continental convergent

• transform

• oceanic-continental convergent

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Bedrock that is closer to oceanic ridges is younger in age than bedrock that is farther away. What can best be concluded from this information?

• The shape of Earth's lithosphere is continually changing

• The movement of continental plates is caused by volcanic eruptions

• The oceans are becoming deeper and warmer as more rocks are produced

• The rocks on the ocean floor are producing tectonic plates are converging

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which explanation best describes why tropical plant fossils have been found on islands in the Arctic Ocean?

• Birds and insects carried seeds to the island

• Seeds of plants have been carried by ocean currents

• The island drifted from a tropical region to its present location

• Spores of the plants were carried by air currents to the island

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What most logical conclusion about a layer of rock near the top of a canyon?

• The layers near the top older than layers below

• The layers near the top are younger than the layers below

• The top layer will have more fossils that layers below

• The top layer will have less fossils than layers

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4