The Middle Ages

The central authority that connected most of Europe during the Middle Ages was

• the legacy of Rome.

• the monarchy established by Charlemagne.

• feudal landowners.

• the Catholic Church.

The main purpose of the Crusades was to

• drive Muslims out of Spain.

• conquer the Byzantine empire.

• revive the Roman empire in Europe.

• win back control of the Holy Land.

What was one way that Europeans benefited from increased contact with the Muslim world during the Crusades?

• They were able to regain permanent control of Jerusalem.

• They gained new tolerance for different religions.

• They won control of trade routes in Southwest Asia.

• They rediscovered the learning of ancient Greece and Rome.

The medieval system of feudalism can best be described as

• an economic system based on farming.

• a political system based on a strong monarchy.

• a religious system based on loyalty to the Pope.

• a social system based on land and service.

What was one result of the Black Death?

• Roaming armies destroyed crops, causing starvation.

• Contact increased between Europe and Southwest Asia.

• Jewish communities were falsely scapegoated.

• Charlemagne's empire collapsed.

Most peasants in Europe were __________ who were legally required to live and work on a specific manor.

• feudalism

• serfs

• vassals

• lords

Under feudalism, _______ divided their lands among lessor lords.

• feudalism

• serfs

• vassals

• lords

After the collapse of the western roman empire, a system of government called ____________ was established.

• communism

• socialism

• feudalism

• republic

The disease called the ____________ contributed to the population decrease in medieval Europe.

• Crusades

• sars

• polio

• Black Death

The heart of the medieval economy was the ________, which was the agricultural estate of a lord or vassal.

• kingdom

• serf

• manor

• vassal