SB6

Scientists discovered fossils in several layers of the Earth you see here. They found fossils of algae, snails, and clams in layer D. Given that information, where do you think they found fossil evidence of simple land plants and amphibians?

• A

• E

• F

• G

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According to the fossil record found across this area of the coastal United States, what conclusion can we make about area A?

• Vertebrates never lived in area A.

• Area A was completely underwater in the past.

• Life forms appeared in area C before areas A and B.

• Area A was once a land mass that eventually became submerged.

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Once cells with nuclei developed, organisms were able to become more complex, which allowed them to adapt to the conditions in more habitats. By which process do organisms adapt and evolve?

• mitosis

• behavior

• natural selection

• transformation

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Consider the graphic of the divergence of one founder species into many additional bird species. This speciation resulted in

• biodiversity due to anatomy and available food resources.

• convergent evolution that resulted in a variety of lineages.

• the survival of mutated individuals within the original population.

• extinction of individuals in the population who died due to starvation.

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The mbuna cichlids of Lake Malawi are a model for adaptive radiation. Currently, there are over 400 species, all derived from one common ancestral species. The graph shows the current count of species scientists have discovered in the lake. This diversification most likely took place because

• different fish species evolved to take advantage of different foods.

• mutation happened at a very high rate in the lake ecosystem.

• water temperatures varied with location.

• different fish groups were isolated by barriers within the lake from other groups.

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New species develop when

• diverging species no longer recognize one another as potential mates.

• diverging species mate exclusively with one another

• diverging species mate with multiple members of the other species.

• diverging species recognize many potential mates among both species.

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The genetic information in human and chimpanzee DNA shows a high degree of similarity, as humans share about 96-99% of their DNA code with chimpanzees. What is an explanation for this similarity?

• They evolved from a common ancestor.

• They evolved from each other.

• They evolved at the same time.

• Their evolution is nearly complete.

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The bone structure of the baleen whale and the hummingbird pictured above suggests that they share

• the same diet

• a common ancestor

• a similar environment

• similar mating rituals

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Many species have embryos that look similar to one another and develop similar structures. Refer to the picture above. During the first stage of embryonic development for each species, what type of evolution could you conclude about the relatedness of the organisms?

• Divergent evolution because all of the species have similar structures during the first stage of development.

• Convergent evolution because all of the species have similar structures during the first stage of development.

• Divergent evolution because the species are fundamentally different even at the first stage of embryonic development.

• Convergent evolution because the species are fundamentally different even at the first stage of embryonic development.

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In northern Canada, a population of rabbits was predominantly white in color. The allele for white color is recessive (g), while the allele for gray color is dominant (G). Over the last several decades, the average annual temperature of this area has increased, and the long-term deposits of ice and snow have become scarce. We see the result of this change in the graph above. How would Hardy-Weinberg explain this change in terms of allelic frequency?

• No population can maintain equilibrium indefinitely.

• Random mating occurred among the rabbits and the allelic frequency was altered.

• Genetic variation existed. Natural selection occurred. Allelic frequencies changed.

• In a large population, mating is random, without mutations and the allelic frequency changes over time.

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