messenger RNA, a type of RNA that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

mitochondrial RNA, a type of RNA found in mitochondria

micro RNA, a small non-coding RNA molecule

modified RNA, an artificially altered RNA molecule

transfer RNA, a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein and carries amino acids to the ribosome to be strung together

transcription RNA, a type of RNA involved in the transcription process

translation RNA, a type of RNA that translates DNA into RNA

transport RNA, a type of RNA that transports genetic information

ribosomal RNA, a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes

a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome

a type of RNA that serves as a template for protein synthesis

a type of RNA that regulates gene expression

Anticodon is defined as

a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA

a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that is complementary to a codon in tRNA

a sequence of amino acids in a protein

a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA

Deletion is defined as:

The process of removing elements from a data structure.

The process of adding new elements to a data structure.

The process of modifying elements in a data structure.

The process of searching for elements in a data structure.

Insertion is defined as:

The process of adding an element to a data structure.

The process of removing an element from a data structure.

The process of searching for an element in a data structure.

The process of sorting elements in a data structure.

Substitution is defined as:

The process of replacing one element with another

Frameshift mutations are defined as:

Mutations that involve the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame.

Mutations that involve the substitution of one nucleotide for another in the DNA sequence.

Mutations that occur in non-coding regions of the DNA.

Mutations that result in the duplication of a segment of DNA.

Point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Which of the following best describes point mutations?

Changes in a single nucleotide base pair in DNA

Large-scale changes in chromosome structure

Silent mutations are defined as:

Mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence

Mutations that change the amino acid sequence

Mutations that cause a stop codon

Mutations that delete a nucleotide

Identify the parts of DNA and RNA shown in the diagram and explain the differences between them.

DNA has deoxyribose sugar, RNA has ribose sugar; DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded.

DNA and RNA have the same parts and no differences.

DNA is single-stranded, RNA is double-stranded; DNA has ribose sugar, RNA has deoxyribose sugar.

DNA and RNA both have uracil instead of thymine.

State the 3 main ideas regarding the Central dogma of biology.

- DNA is replicated - DNA is translated into RNA - RNA is transcribed into proteins

- DNA is transcribed into RNA - RNA is translated into proteins - Proteins are synthesized from amino acids

- RNA is replicated - Proteins are transcribed into DNA - DNA is synthesized from proteins

- DNA is converted into lipids - RNA is converted into carbohydrates - Proteins are converted into nucleic acids

Briefly describe the process of Transcription.

- DNA is turned into an RNA message to be sent out of the nucleus

- RNA is turned into a DNA message to be sent out of the nucleus

- Proteins are synthesized directly from DNA

- DNA is replicated to form new DNA strands

Briefly describe the process of Translation.

RNA message is decoded and turned into a string of amino acids

DNA is replicated to form a new strand

Proteins are synthesized directly from DNA

RNA is transcribed back into DNA

Briefly describe the process of Replication.

DNA is copied semiconservatively by proteins using the old strands as templates for the new

DNA is copied conservatively without using old strands

RNA is copied semiconservatively by proteins using the old strands as templates

Proteins are synthesized semiconservatively using DNA as a template

Briefly describe the process of Mutation.

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism

A type of genetic recombination

Which of the following are the 5 nitrogenous bases used in DNA and RNA, and their pairings?

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil; A-T, C-G, A-U

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil; A-U, C-G, A-T

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil; A-C, T-G, U-A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil; A-G, T-C, U-A

A mutation causes the insertion of a single nucleotide into a DNA sequence. How might this affect the resulting protein?

The protein will have a completely different sequence of amino acids after the mutation.

The protein will be shorter because the mutation creates a premature stop codon.

The protein will remain unchanged because one nucleotide has little impact.

The protein will gain extra amino acids because the mutation extends the reading frame.

A scientist observes a mutation where one nucleotide is deleted from a DNA sequence. What type of mutation is this, and what is its potential impact on the resulting protein?

Deletion; causes a frameshift, altering the entire amino acid sequence.

Substitution; changes one amino acid in the protein.

Insertion; introduces a stop codon, halting protein synthesis.

Silent mutation; does not affect the protein because it occurs in non-coding DNA.

DNA Processes

Quiz

•

Science

•

9th Grade

•

Practice Problem

•

Medium

•

NGSS.HS-LS3-2, NGSS.HS-LS1-1, 112.42.c.7.B

+1

Standards-aligned

Allison Craft

Used 10+ times

FREE Resource

40 questions

Show all answers

1.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Nucleic acid is defined as

a type of protein

Base of a nucleic acid. Consists of the 5 bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.

Monomer of a nucleic acid. Made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Macromolecule responsible for storage and expression of genomic information.

2.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A nucleotide is a...?

Monomer of a nucleic acid. Made up of a sugar, a carbon base, and an oxygen.

Monomer of a protein. Made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Monomer of a nucleic acid. Made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Polymer of a nucleic acid. Made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and a radon base.

3.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Nitrogen base is defined as

Base of a nucleic acid. Consists of the 5 bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.

a type of protein found in the human body

a form of carbohydrate used for energy

Base of a nucleic acid. Consists of the 3 bases adenine, thymine, cytosine.

4.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Deoxyribonucleic acid is defined as:

A type of protein

A molecule that carries genetic information

A type of carbohydrate

A form of energy

5.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Ribonucleic acid is defined as

a type of protein

a type of carbohydrate

a molecule essential for coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes

a type of lipid

6.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The structure of DNA is known as a

Single strand

Double helix

Triple helix

Quadruple helix

7.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Semi-conservative replication is a method of DNA replication where each of the two parental DNA strands act as a template for new strands, resulting in two DNA molecules each with one parental and one new strand.

A method where both strands of DNA are new.

A method where one strand is new and one is old.

A method where both strands are old.

A method where DNA does not replicate.

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DNA Processes

40 questions

Nucleic acid is defined as

A nucleotide is a...?

Nitrogen base is defined as

Deoxyribonucleic acid is defined as:

Ribonucleic acid is defined as

The structure of DNA is known as a

Semi-conservative replication is a method of DNA replication where each of the two parental DNA strands act as a template for new strands, resulting in two DNA molecules each with one parental and one new strand.

The Central Dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to which of the following?

Transcription is the process of:

mRNA is defined as

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