Theories of Motivation

McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?

• achievement, growth, and security

• achievement, power, and affiliation

• self-actualization, stability, and affiliation

• control, status, and affiliation

Specific goals produce a higher level of output than does the generalized goal of "do your best."

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

• TRUE

• FALSE

In equity theory, inputs are what employees get out of their jobs in terms of financial and nonfinancial rewards.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

• FALSE

• TRUE

According to ________, what is important to motivation is how an employee perceives his or her outcome/input ratio compared to the outcome/input ratio of another person.

• need theory

• equity theory

• expectancy theory

• organizational justice theory

In expectancy theory, ________ is the belief that high amounts of effort will lead to good performance.

• instrumentality

• expectancy

• valence

• procedural justice

Expectancy theory is concerned with how employees make choices among alternative behaviors and levels of effort.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

• TRUE

• FALSE

Expectancy theory is about

• Clearing the path for followers

• Rewarding followers for meeting their goals

• Establishing work group norms

• Anticipating leaders' needs

According to the job characteristics model, a worker's knowledge of the actual results of work activities is determined by:

• task significance.

• feedback.

• autonomy.

• skill variety.

Job design affects the level of motivation primarily by influencing the level and amount of ________ that workers contribute to their jobs and organizations.

• inputs

• persistence

• psychic commitment

• psychological effort