A scientist finds a fossil that she thinks might make a good index fossil. Which characteristic does this fossil most likely have?

It is the remains of an organism that is found in abundance nearby.

It is the remains of an organism still found alive today.

It is the only fossil for this type of organism that has ever been found.

It is the remains of an organism that lived in a narrow geographic area.

Which information can be determined using half-life?

percentage of rock that has aged

number of radioactive particles left

Which measurement do geologists use to find the absolute age of once-living things?

amount of carbon-14 and nitrogen-14 in the remains

amount of decayed daughter elements

total number of half-lives for the element potassium

age of ancient rocks located near the remains

The graph shows calculations for potassium-argon dating. Which statement explains what geologists can learn from the graph?

They can determine that a rock is 1.3 billion years old if 1/2 of the potassium has decayed.

They can estimate that all the potassium will have decayed within 6.5 billion years.

They can tell that 1/8 of the argon gas will be left after 3.9 billion years.

They can see that potassium’s half-life varies from every 1.3 billion years to every 5.2 billion years.

Which values do scientists compare when using potassium-argon dating?

the amount of parent and daughter material trapped in the rock

the number of stable and unstable parent atoms

the number of non-decayed elements left in the rock

the amount of gas from the decayed material that has escaped from rock

Which phrase describes carbon-14 dating?

dates the remains of organisms to determine when they died

uses the rate at which nitrogen-14 decays into carbon-14

measures the number of unstable elements in ancient volcanic rocks

determines the age of ancient fossils older than 50,000 years old

Which statement accurately describes a half-life?

A half-life is the time required for half of a radioactive element to decay.

A rock’s size is determined by half-life.

All stable and unstable elements have a half-life.

An atom of an element becomes half its original size in a half-life.

Which characteristic of potassium makes it useful for dating rocks?

It produces lead as it breaks down.

It can be used to date all types of rock.

Which statement accurately describes radioactive dating?

Geologists compare the observed abundance of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes and their decay products using decay rates.

Geologists use only one type of radioactive dating.

Geologists compare parent and daughter elements to determine rock type.

Geologists will measure how stable multiple parent elements can decay into multiple daughter elements.

Which best describes eras and periods?

Eras and periods both appear at the start of the Cambrian period.

Eras have a smaller time span than periods.

Eras and periods are independent of each other.

Eras were more recently established on the time scale than periods.

Which best describes the geologic time scale?

It presents the correct sequence of events in Earth’s history.

It explains why events happen throughout Earth’s history.

It is used to determine the absolute dates in years for different periods.

It was created by scientists who studied index fossils and climate change.

What information does the geologic time scale provide?

information about when plants first appeared

explanation of how Earth formed

places where dinosaurs roamed on Earth

reasons why organisms evolve into different species

Study the image. Which describes the geological time of the first land plants?

The first flowering plants were introduced toward the end of the Mesozoic era.

Conifers appeared after the first flowering plants.

Conifers first appeared around 182 million years ago.

The first flowering plants appeared around 240 million years ago.

Why is radioactive dating important when approximating the age of Earth?

Scientists can determine the order of when rocks formed on Earth.

Scientists can identify different life forms using index fossil records.

Scientists can examine how temperature changes within Earth’s interior.

Scientists can analyze changes in chemical concentration of atmospheric gases.

A volcanic eruption releasing rock, ash, and dust particles into the air is an example of which interaction?

the geosphere interacting with the atmosphere

the biosphere interacting with the geosphere

the geosphere interacting with the hydrosphere

the hydrosphere interacting with the atmosphere

Which spheres of Earth are directly influenced when human-caused air pollution leads to acid rain that dissolves limestone rocks?

geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere

atmosphere, cryosphere, geosphere

cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere

biosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere

Which example best explains the interaction of Earth’s spheres when acid rain affects trees?

The atmosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere and the biosphere.

The geosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere.

The atmosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere.

The biosphere is interacting with the hydrosphere and the cryosphere.

Some consumers, like lions, do not eat plants or any other producers. They only eat other animals. How do lions obtain the carbon they need?

by eating animals that have carbon-based molecules stored in their bodies

by breathing it in from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide

by absorbing carbon-based molecules through their skin from the soil

by drinking water that contains carbon dioxide

The diagram illustrates the water cycle. Which best describes the process occurring at locations U and X?

Water changes from a liquid to a gas.

Water cycles from a nonliving to a living part of the environment.

Water changes from a gas to a liquid.

Water cycles from a living to a nonliving part of the environment.

Which process does NOT result in the release of carbon?

Producers take in carbon dioxide.

Animals break down food molecules to obtain energy.

The remains of producers are broken down by decomposers.

The remains of consumers are broken down by soil decomposers.

How is the nitrogen cycle important to humans?

It converts nitrogen into a form that humans can obtain by eating other organisms.

It produces free nitrogen that humans can breathe.

It produces nitrogen compounds that humans can breathe.

It converts nitrogen into a form that humans can obtain by absorbing it through their skin.

Which phrase describes faults?

are older than surrounding rocks

are igneous rocks that form beneath Earth’s surface

Which event is most likely if an index fossil is found in a layer at location 1, but the layer and index fossil are not found at location 2 nearby, which is known to be the same relative age?

The organism did not exist at location 2.

The layer at location 2 is too old to contain fossils.

The locations were too close together.

The layers at location 2 formed much earlier than those at location 1.

In rock layers, jellyfish fossils are found lower than trilobite fossils, and trilobite fossils are found lower than ammonite fossils. What can be determined from this information?

Jellyfish existed before trilobites and ammonites.

Trilobites existed before jellyfish and ammonites.

Ammonites existed before trilobites and jellyfish.

Jellyfish, trilobites, and ammonites lived together.

The image shows sedimentary rock layers with index fossils and a fault. Which statement accurately describes the rock layers?

Layer 2 and layer 9 are the same relative age.

Layer 3 is younger than layer 6.

Layer 4 and layer 10 are the same relative age.

The diagram shows cross-cutting relationships among rocks. Which statement accurately describes the geologic features?

A formed after the horizontal layer above was deposited.

F formed before the horizontal layer above was deposited.

Which phrase describes the absolute age of a rock?

is the number of years since it formed

is the age compared to other rocks around it

indicates whether it is younger or older than the rocks above it

Which statement explains one reason why unconformities occur?

No sediment is deposited over a long time.

Rocks along a fault break and move.

Igneous rock forms at Earth’s surface.

Igneous rock forms between sedimentary layers.

Which correctly lists three different geologic features that help scientists determine the relative ages of rocks by their positions?

index fossils, intrusions, and cross-cutting relationships

erosion, magma, and cross-cutting relationships

intrusions, index fossils, and magma

Which phrase describes organisms that formed index fossils?

lived in a narrow geographic area

Which is the first step that geologists must do to compare rock layers at distant locations?

identify index fossils in one or more layers at one location

find the absolute age of rocks at both locations

compare a layer at one location to layers at other locations

collect fossils from different locations to study the organisms’ lifestyles

Which statement describes the law of superposition?

In horizontal rock layers, each layer is younger than the one below it.

Sedimentary rocks were originally in horizontal layers.

Rock layers must be in existence before something can happen to them.

Rocks that are not in horizontal layers were shifted by some geologic event.

Which statement describes what is gained or lost during radioactive decay?

Elements gain smaller particles.

Which statement explains why carbon-14 dating cannot be used to date ancient rocks?

Carbon-14 decays relatively quickly.

Carbon-14 decays at a varying rate.

Carbon-14 can be used only to date the remains of organisms.

Carbon-14 has a half-life that is much longer than potassium.

Unit 3 Geologic Time and Fossils Review

6th - 8th Grade

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48 Qs

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Unit 3 Geologic Time and Fossils Review

Quiz

•

Science

•

6th - 8th Grade

•

Practice Problem

•

Medium

•

NGSS

MS-ESS1-4, HS-PS1-8, HS-ESS1-6

Standards-aligned

Jill Russ

Used 14+ times

FREE Resource

48 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which phrase describes the relative age of a rock?

uses the law of superposition to determine which rock is older or younger

can determine the age based on location of a rock within the same layer

requires only one rock to determine the age

can provide the exact age of a rock

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The image shows flat sedimentary rock layers in the foreground and angled sedimentary rock layers in the background. According to the principle of original horizontality, what most likely happened to the rock layers in the background?

They cracked at an angle.

They were deposited at an angle.

They were deposited vertically and then shifted by a geologic event.

They were deposited horizontally and then shifted by a geologic event.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which feature causes a gap in the geologic record?

extrusion

fault

intrusion

unconformity

The image shows cross-cutting relationships. B, W, E, and K represent rock layers, and Q represents a fault. Which statement describes the geologic features?

Layer K is the oldest.

Layer W is the youngest.

Fault Q occurred before layer K was deposited.

Layers B, W, and E were deposited after fault Q occurred.

The images show sedimentary layers before and after they were shifted by a geologic event. After the geologic event, which layer is the oldest?

Layer A

Layer B

Layer C

Layer D

Which characteristic is shared by extrusions, intrusions, and faults?

All are cracks.

All are igneous rocks.

All cause gaps in the geologic record.

All are younger than the surrounding rocks.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How do index fossils help scientists?

They aid in the study of ranges of different organisms.

They advance understanding of the origin of life on Earth.

They aid in comparison of rock layers at distant locations.

They advance understanding of rock type at the time the organism lived.

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Unit 3 Geologic Time and Fossils Review

48 questions

Which phrase describes the relative age of a rock?

The image shows flat sedimentary rock layers in the foreground and angled sedimentary rock layers in the background. According to the principle of original horizontality, what most likely happened to the rock layers in the background?

Which feature causes a gap in the geologic record?

The image shows cross-cutting relationships. B, W, E, and K represent rock layers, and Q represents a fault. Which statement describes the geologic features?

The images show sedimentary layers before and after they were shifted by a geologic event. After the geologic event, which layer is the oldest?

Which characteristic is shared by extrusions, intrusions, and faults?

How do index fossils help scientists?

A scientist finds a fossil that she thinks might make a good index fossil. Which characteristic does this fossil most likely have?

Which information can be determined using half-life?

After two half-lives, how much of the original material has decayed?

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