AP Unit 3

In academic settings, a claim is...

• A position

• A statement of fact

• Statements asserted as true that are not obviously facts.

• A question

Which of the following are claims?

• Physical Education

• Should physical education be required in high schools?

• It's not a good idea to require physical education in school.

• Requiring PE in high schools harms many students more than it helps them.

Which of the following are claims?

• At home education

• Should people be allowed to pursue degrees online?

• In 2017, 4.6 million (32%) students in public institutions participated in distance education in some capacity.

• Online education allows individuals who have to juggle jobs and family life to still pursue higher education through flexible means.

Is the following a claim? Explain.

"All children should receive an education."

What constitutes evidence?

• Facts, statistics, experiments

• Examples, anecdotes, details

• Illustrations, expert opinions, personal experience

• Testimonies, analogies

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How do you determine effective evidence?

• Only statistics and data are reliable evidence

• It depends on the context and the audience and your purpose

• The best evidence is personal experience

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January of 2020 Greta Thunberg, a 17 year old high school student, was invited to speak at the Davos Forum on climate change. The audience consisted of policymakers and leaders around the world. Which evidence would be more effective for this audience?

• Quantitative data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

• A single peer-reviewed science article published in Germany on climate change.

• Evidence from a high school friend who reported that temperature was degrees Celsius in the middle of winter more than once in the UK..

• Her personally witnessing the death of a bee hive.

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What is a line of reasoning?

• A statement presented as true that must be backed up with evidence.

• Facts and data from peer-reviewed science journals.

• The "why" behind your claim

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Consider there is a factual statement believed to be true: "All dogs go to heaven." You make the claim that Garfield will go to heaven. Which of the following would represent your reasoning?

• Garfield is a cat.

• Garfield is better behaved than a dog.

• If dogs get in to heaven for good behavior, then an animal with even better behavior will get into heaven.

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