Conflicts Between Popes and Monarchs

In 962, what did Otto the Great do?

• He met with Charlemagne to form an alliance, uniting the French people

• He allied with German nobles and convinced the pope to crown him Holy Roman Emperor

• He declared war on the Byzantine Empire

Why was Otto's territory named "Holy Roman Empire?'

• The German kings wanted to show religious piety

• The German kings wanted to recruit soldiers from the city of Rome

• The German kings wanted to form a holy version of the Roman Empire

What happened to the Italian monk named Hildebrand in 1073?

• He became Pope Gregory IV

• He became king of the Franks

• He created the rules of St. Benedict for the monks

Why did Gregory VII and Henry IV clash?

• Henry IV believed that the Pope was evil and corrupt.

• They were both related and had a fight over inheritance.

• Gregory VII believed that the Emperor should have no power over the church.

Gregory VII issued a list of rules asserting his authority over both the church and secular leaders. What does this mean?

• He charged taxes from the church and from leaders to make money

• He claimed that he had the power to make decisions and rules over the church and non church leaders

• He could raise an army for both the church and other kings and use it to unite the Holy Roman Empire

What did Henry IV do to really "tick off," or anger Gregory VII?

• Henry IV chose his own bishop for the city of Milan, Italy, which broke one of the Pope's rules.

• Henry IV attacked the Pope's castle with an army of 14,000 men, forcing the Pope to wait outside and beg for mercy.

• Henry IV married someone who Gregory VII did not like.

In 1076, Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV. What does excommunicate mean?

• To give someone extra communication in an argument

• To beg someone to give you an opportunity

• To exclude a person from a church or a religious community

What was the Concordat of Worms?

• An agreement that solved the problems between Church and State forever, marking the first moment of peace between the 2 sides

• An agreement that stated worms are good for compost and farming

• An agreement that gave the Church the sole authority to appoint bishops but also allowed kings to give land to bishops to gain their loyalty

By the 1100's, how did increase in trade affect the fight between Church and State?

• The Vatican earned more income, which it used to buy land from monarchs

• The church grew scared of how much money their bishops had and started firing them

• Kings earned money from the tax revenue on the profits, which made them politically stronger than the church

What did King Phillip II Augustus of France do to strengthen the French kingdom?

• He married his sons to rich families

• He signed the Concordat of Worms and made peace with the church

• He acquired land, created new officials to oversee justice, and gained control over the French church