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A wall students put up when anxiety level is too high that blocks the ability to learn.

• Authentic task

• Affective filter

• TTT

• STT

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The ability to interpret the social meaning that language conveys and to choose language that is socially appropriate for communicative situations.

• sociolinguistic competence

• multilingualism

• authentic task

• fillers

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A language teaching method developed based on the coordination of language and physical movement.

• STT

• TTT

• PPP

• TPR

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Someone uses background information to predict the meaning of language they are going to listen to or read. Rather than relying first on the actual words or sounds, they develop expectations about what they will hear or read, and confirm or reject these as they listen or read. It makes the most of what the person brings to the situation.

• scaffolding

• top-down processing

• bottom-up processing

• multilingualism

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This requires the student to use knowledge or skills to produce a product or complete a performance.

• comprehensible input

• scaffolding

• fillers

• authentic task

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An approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the means and ultimate goal.

• content and language integrated learning (CLIL)

• total physical response (TPR)

• communicative language teaching (CLT)

• grammar translation method (GTM)

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Someone tries to understand language by looking at individual meanings or grammatical characteristics of the most basic units of the text, (e.g. sounds for a listening or words for a reading), and moves from these to trying to understand the whole text.

• Bottom-up processing

• Top-down processing

• Comprehensible input

• Scaffolding

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A subject is taught in the target language rather than the first language of the learners. In the classes, tasks are designed to allow students to focus on and learn to use the new language as they learn the new subject content.

• grammar translation method (GTM)

• content and language integrated learning (CLIL)

• communicative language teaching (CLT)

• total physical response (TPR)

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A paradigm or model used to describe three typical stages of a presentation of/teaching new language. It means presentation (present an aspect of language in a context), practice (provide opportunities for learners to use the target structure) and production (have students use the language in context).

• TPR

• PPP

• TTT

• STT

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A variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process.

• Authentic task

• Multilingualism

• Fillers

• Scaffolding