Topic 11 Review - New Global Connections

Which was a major cause of European exploration?

• the need to reduce Europe's population

• a desire for direct access to spices

• the need to limit the growth of Arab empires

• a desire for better fishing grounds

Portuguese explorers created a trading empire by

• negotiating agreements with local leaders.

• marrying local women and building settlements.

• discovering a sea route around Africa to India.

• discovering new inland trading opportunities.

How did Spain benefit from the Treaty of Tordesillas and Line of Demarcation?

• Spain won exploration and trading rights over half of the non-European world.

• Portugal had to surrender its African forts.

• Spain gained territory in Europe.

• Spain no longer had close ties to the Catholic Church.

How did Balboa’s discovery affect European exploration?

• It allowed explorers to form alliances with Native American groups in the Caribbean.

• It encouraged explorers to seek a direct sea route to the Pacific and the East Indies.

• It discouraged explorers from searching for a northwest passage to the East Indies.

• It challenged explorers to find a shorter route past the Cape of Good Hope to India.

Which describes the main reason why European powers expanded their presence in Africa?

• to explore African rivers and learn about African plants and animals

• to cooperate with other European powers to spread Christianity throughout Africa

• to expand their trade in Africa, the Indian Ocean, and India to make agreements with African leaders

• to work and trade together with Arab traders

What limitations did the astrolabe have that the magnetic compass did not?

• could not be used in extremely dry or humid locations

• could not be used when bad weather limited the sky’s visibility

• could not be used late in the evening or at high altitudes

• could not be used more than fifteen miles away from any coast

The control of most trade between Asia and Europe in the 1400s by Arab and Italian merchants caused

• disruption in trade of luxury goods brought overland to Europe.

• Europeans outside Italy to search for direct access to Asia.

• Renaissance curiosity to spark a major religious revival in Europe.

• Europeans outside Italy to seek direct access to North Africa.

Why did the Portuguese think that they could find an easier way to reach Asia?

• They had alliances with European nations to send out expeditions.

• They had a large country and a long tradition of Asian exploration.

• They had a large fleet and had defeated Spain in recent sea battles.

• They had expert knowledge and advanced navigational technology.

Why did Columbus reach the Caribbean islands rather than the East Indies?

• He did not know that he had sailed far off course.

• He greatly underestimated the size of Earth.

• He was unaware that Earth was a sphere.

• He ran out of food and water and landed too soon.

How did the Portuguese establish footholds and trade on Africa's coasts?

• They explored inland and then established many permanent settlements around the Indian Ocean.

• They fought sea battles with the Spanish to control access to the East African trade routes.

• They established forts and trading posts on the coast and seized key ports around the Indian Ocean.

• They formed commercial alliances with the Arabs who dominated the East African trade network.