An uppercase pi symbolizes this colligative property. Name this pressure needed to stop the namesake flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.

This landmass was surrounded by a super-ocean called Panthalassa. Name this supercontinent, which takes its name from the Greek for "all earth."

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

During the Mesozoic Era, Pangaea split into Laurasia and this other supercontinent, which comprised modern-day Antarctica, Africa, and South America.

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This body's features include the bright spot Xanadu and the hydrocarbon lake Karaken Mare. Name this largest moon of Saturn.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

What quantity, whose values on the Pauling scale range from 0.7 for francium to 4.0 for fluorine, measures an atom's attraction for bonding electrons?

Citrine is a yellow variant of what silicate mineral that defines 7 on the Mohs hardness scale and whose variants also include amethyst?

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

A supernova that does NOT form a black hole will have its core collapse to form what type of compact object named for an uncharged subatomic particle?

This type of quantity is distinguished from scalar quantities. Name these quantities that have a magnitude and a direction.

External force vectors are drawn as arrows on these diagrams of mechanics problems, which often show the object of interest as a block. They are sometimes called force diagrams.

30 petahertz to 30 exahertz is the frequency range for what radiation energetically between UV and gamma rays?

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NGSS.HS-PS4-4