Cell Cycle , Cell regulation and Mitosis

Which phrase best describes cancer?

• absence of cyclins
• multiple gene mutations
• uncontrolled cell growth
• precesnce of genetic defects

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

________________is a critical point where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle

• Metastasis
• Checkpoint
• Malignant
• Benign

In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?

• The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genes
• The DNA is the same but different genes are turned on and turned off in each cell
• The DNA is different, but the same genes are turned on and off in each cell
• The DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The diagram shows the process of cell specialization from a single stem cell. Which of the following statements is true about the process of specialization.

• Specilized cells (blood, skin, nervous etc) cannot be produced from a single stem cell
• Specilized cells are produced immediately following fertilization
• Even though all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they can specialize into different cell types
• Sincce all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they must all have the same structure and function

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NGSS.HS-LS1-2

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What are the proteins called that regulate the progression of the cell cycle?

• Cyclin
• Chromatin
• Actin
• Muscle Milk

How do stem cells know what type of cells to differentiate into?

• The nucleus has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off
• Signals from chemicals in the organism or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off
• Genes turn on and off randomly
• The cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

In multicellular organisms, the process of differentiation produces cells that are specialized to perform specific functions.  For example, one cell may become a muscle cell whose function is to shorten or lengthen to allow movement.  Another cell may become a nerve cell whose function is to relay signals in response to stimuli.
In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?

• The DNA is the same, but it contains different genes
• The DNA is different, but it contains the same genes
• The DNA is different, but the same genes are activated
• The DNA is the same, but different genes are activated

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to continue to grow and divide in their non-specialized state for long periods of time.  Although the genes found within the stem cells are the same, stem cells differentiate into unique cell types (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells, etc.) due to 

• random segregation and proliferation
• meiotic division and fertilization
• mutations in their genetic code
• different patterns in their gene expression

Which is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

• It takes longer than sexual
• It is more complicated than sexual
• It produces no variety in offspring
• It cannot produce as many offspring as sexual

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

What usually happens when cells come into contact with other cells?

• they divide more quickly
• they stop growing
• they produce cyclins
• they produce p53

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4