Biology 101 - Test 1 Review

Biology is defined as:

• The study of living organisms

• The study of rocks and minerals

• The study of celestial bodies

• The study of machines

Which of the following best describes how an organism accomplishes a key feature such as obtaining energy?

• A plant uses photosynthesis to make food.

• A rock produces its own energy.

• A car breathes to get oxygen.

• A fish grows leaves to absorb sunlight.

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

• Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

• Molecule, atom, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

• Cell, organelle, atom, molecule, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

• Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

The key differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote cell are:

• Prokaryotes lack a nucleus while eukaryotes have a nucleus.

• Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a nucleus.

• Eukaryotes lack genetic material while prokaryotes have it.

• Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotes do not.

The 8 levels of hierarchy from most inclusive to least inclusive developed by Carolus Linnaeus are:

• Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

• Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Subspecies

• Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Variety, Form

• Order, Family, Genus, Species, Subspecies, Variety, Form, Strain

The characteristics of each domain in the hierarchical taxonomy are:

• Bacteria are prokaryotic, Archaea are prokaryotic but distinct from bacteria, Eukarya are eukaryotic.

• Bacteria and Archaea are both eukaryotic, Eukarya are prokaryotic.

• All domains are eukaryotic and multicellular.

• Bacteria are multicellular, Archaea are photosynthetic, Eukarya are unicellular.

The kingdoms of hierarchical taxonomy are:

• Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera

• Mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia, Aves, Pisces

• Chordata, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Echinodermata

• Vertebrata, Invertebrata, Protozoa, Algae, Bacteria

A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by an experiment. In the scientific method, a control is the part of the experiment that stays the same, while a variable is the part that is changed. Why are controls and variables important in experiments?

• They help scientists determine if the variable being tested causes an effect.

• They make the experiment more complicated.

• They ensure the experiment is always successful.

• They allow scientists to skip the hypothesis step.

An atom is the smallest unit of matter, and an element is a substance made of only one kind of atom.

• An atom is the smallest unit of matter, and an element is a substance made of only one kind of atom.

• An atom is a large molecule, and an element is a mixture of atoms.

• An atom is a type of compound, and an element is a group of molecules.

• An atom is a charged particle, and an element is a combination of different atoms.

The parts of an atom include protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons are outside the nucleus. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons carry a negative charge.

• Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus; protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, electrons are negative.

• Electrons and protons are in the nucleus; electrons are negative, protons are neutral, neutrons are positive.

• Only electrons are in the nucleus; electrons are positive, protons are negative, neutrons are neutral.

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all in the nucleus; all have positive charges.