U.S. Government Unit 1 Exam Review

Which political idea is based on the belief that citizens must be willing to give up some freedoms in exchange for the protection of rights?

• Divine right

• Natural rights

• Social contract

• Rule by the majority

The Founding Fathers considered that the idea of natural law should be —

• similar to the divine right of kings

• naturally easy for all of society to agree upon

• made in accordance with long-held traditions

• based on justice and transcend man-made law

By using the phrase “the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God” in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson and the American Founders were arguing that —

• the Anglican Church did not have sole religious authority

• the British government was based on the divine-right theory

• the colonies had the right to independence because of natural law

• the colonies can establish a separate church free of government influence

[T]o assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. —Declaration of Independence, 1776

The inclusion of the phrase “the Law of Nature and of Nature’s God” is most likely a reference to which of the following?

• All revolutions must be explained to the world.

• All governments, even tyrannical ones, are just.

• There is no standard by which to judge good versus bad governments.

• Establishing a new nation should be based on reason and moral principles

The Declaration of Independence lists “Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness” as —

• state’s rights

• legislative duties

• unalienable rights

• governmental powers

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed . . . — Declaration of Independence, 1776 Which phrase from the excerpt recognizes that all people are born with rights which should be protected by the government?

• “All men are created equal”

• “That to secure these rights”

• “Governments are instituted among Men”

• “Endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights”

' ... It is most evident that kings, queens and other princes ... are ordained of God, are to be obeyed and honoured by their subjects; that such subjects as are disobedient or rebellious against their princes disobey God.’ — Queen Elizabeth I, Homily against Disobedience and Willful Rebellion, 1570 Which major political theory about governmental power is presented in this excerpt?

• Natural rights

• Divine right of kings

• Enlightened monarchy

• Consent of the governed

The founding of the United States has traditional roots in Judeo-Christian teachings as well as philosophies developed primarily during the —

• Renaissance

• Reformation

• Enlightenment

• Commercial Revolution

The rule of law and ? refer to the establishment of procedures that limit the power of leaders and government bodies. Which political tradition completes the excerpt?

• common law

• judicial review

• constitutionalism

• popular sovereignty

Which major political tradition argues that a legitimate government is based on the consent of the governed?

• Federalism

• Common law

• Natural rights

• Republicanism