Cell Division

In Biology, several different processes make up the cycles for cell division. In which complete process are four new cells created from one original cell?

• telophase

• anaphase

• mitosis

• meiosis

Which of these steps occurs during mitosis and maintains the chromosome number of an organism?

• Duplicated chromosomes are split into two identical cells.

• Chromosomes become tightly coiled before cell division.

• Duplicated chromosomes are split into two identical cells.

• Genetic information is exchanged between chromosomes during cell division

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The process by which cells replicate is very different from the process by which gametes are produced. Which of the following do both processes have in common?

• homologous chromosomes pair up

• cytokinesis

• crossing-over occurs

• haploid cells form

The purpose of both mitosis and meiosis is to create new cells. Both processes involve the replication of genetic material within the cell, and both take place within a sexually reproducing individual. There is a difference between the processes, however. What is one crucial difference?

• Only mitosis allows for the possibility of translocation

• Only meiosis allows for the possibility of gene point mutations

• Mitosis creates an exact replica of the parent cell, while meiosis shows genetic diversity.

• Meiosis creates an exact replica of the parent cell, while mitosis shows genetic diversity.

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Meiosis is a life process associated with sexual reproduction. Which choice correctly summarizes meiosis into one statement?

• Chromosomes in a haploid cell are pulled apart, creating two haploid daughter cells.

• Haploid cells join and produce diploid daughter cells.

• Chromosomes in a diploid cell uncoil and line up, creating two diploid daughter cells

• Homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell separate and produce four haploid daughter cells.

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Biological macromolecules are organized into four major categories. What type of macromolecule contains phosphorus as part of a phosphate group?

• nucleic acids

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• proteins

Amino acids have similar structures. What part of an amino acid’s molecular formula distinguishes the macromolecule from other amino acids?

• the R-group

• the amino group

• the carboxyl group

• the nitrogenous base

An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which two macromolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits?

• Proteins and carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids and carbohydrates

• Lipids and nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates and lipids

A diagram of meiosis I is shown below.

At which stage of meiosis I does the exchange in genetic material between homologous chromosomes result in recombinant chromosomes?

• prophase I

• metaphase

• telophase I

• anaphase I

The diagram below shows the stages of mitosis.

The original cell, X, contains N number of chromosomes. How many chromosomes does cell Y contain?

• 2 N

• 1/2 N

• 1/4 N

• 1 N

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