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The eye is made up of many parts. The white part of the eye is called the sclera, and the colored part is called the iris. The iris comes in many colors, including brown, blue, green, and hazel. The iris is covered by the cornea, which is clear and round.

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In our state, dams have been built on many rivers. These dams are used to produce the electricity we need, but they also create problems for fish and other wildlife near the rivers. Therefore, we should not build any more dams. Instead, we should use solar energy, or energy from the sun, to produce electricity. This will help us protect our wildlife and enjoy the natural beauty around us.

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Studies show that many Americans are not getting the correct amount of sleep. Many people do not receive enough sleep because they try to do too many things during the day. Lack of sleep makes people feel tired and cranky during the day, but it can also be dangerous. Not getting enough sleep can lead to dizziness, accidents, overeating, and poor performance in school and work.

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Old maps are alike and different from maps made today. As the world keeps changing, our maps change too. One 4000‐ year‐old map is made of clay in different colors. It has symbols that stand for rivers, mountains and city gates. Another old map from 1866 shows the United States. Hawaii and Alaska are not on it. The map was made before they became states. Long ago, people made maps as they walked. They drew each tiny bend along the path. Now, pictures from space satellites give a clear view of the land and water. Infrared maps from satellites use color to show hills and valleys on Mars. Maps show us where we have been and how far we have come.

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You may have heard that eating an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Perhaps that's not strictly true, but it is correct that including fruit in your diet can result in better overall health. Because it is so full of vitamins and nutrients, eating plenty of fruit can help reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and even some types of cancer. Many fruits, including bananas and melons, are also particularly rich in potassium, which may be helpful in lowering blood pressure. Additionally, the fiber in fruit can help combat type 2 diabetes and obesity.

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In the 1990s, a group of women in the African country of Gambia organized to take action on plastic bags. Lacking any recycling programs, people had been throwing their used plastic bags on the ground, along with other trash. Because plastic doesn't decompose the way other waste does, piles of bags accumulated. What could they do? The women came up with a novel answer for the plastic bag puzzle. They collected and cleaned old bags, then reused them by cutting them into strips and crocheting or knitting items such as purses from the plastic. Selling their handiwork at markets, the women raised money for additional recycling programs, which enabled them to further reduce plastic litter.

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While there are many Chinese restaurants in the United States, the food these restaurants serve is not the same as that served in China. Starting with the basics, the service of water differs. In the United States, most restaurants serve cold water with every meal, whether the customers ask for it or not. In China, however, cold water is never served. Restaurants in China serve hot water or tea. Food ingredients are also not the same. The Chinese use ingredients such as pig ears, chicken feet, duck blood, and jellyfish, which most Americans aren't used to eating. American restaurants, unlike Chinese ones, use broccoli, onion, and dairy products in their recipes. Finally, fortune cookies, so popular in the U.S., are an American invention not generally available in China.

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Che Guevara, born in Argentina, spent time traveling in Latin America in the 1950s. Observing widespread poverty throughout Latin America, he felt that revolution was necessary to change the system. Guevara joined Fidel and Raul Castro in their 1956 invasion of Cuba, remaining with them through their successful overthrow of the Cuban government in 1959. In the early 1960s, Guevara worked in the Castro government, helping to transform Cuba into a communist state. In 1966, he left Cuba for Bolivia to start a rebellion against the government and fight with the rebels there. The Bolivian military caught and executed him in 1967. For many, Che Guevara remains a symbol of revolution.

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The flying beetle known as the firefly or lightning bug is named for its most noticeable feature: its nighttime bioluminescence, or glow. The firefly's light-producing organ contains calcium, the pigment luciferin, the light-producing enzyme luciferase, and the chemical adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When oxygen is added to this mix, it creates light, and the insect glows. Scientists don't fully understand how the firefly makes its light blink, but one theory is that the firefly turns the light on and off by controlling the input of oxygen into the light-producing organ.

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The two main types of clouds that form low in the atmosphere, that is, below 6,500 feet, are cumulus and stratus. Stratus clouds develop horizontally, whereas cumulus clouds are formed vertically. Stratus clouds are flat, uniformly gray in appearance, and tend to fill the sky with layers of gloom. White, fluffy cumulus clouds, on the other hand, often float in a bright blue sky and have been called "fair weather clouds." Unlike stratus clouds, cumulus clouds are individual structures. They're flat on the bottom and more puffy toward the top. Given the right conditions in the atmosphere, cumulus clouds may also turn dark with rain, signaling the coming of a thunderstorm.

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