RI.1.2 & 1.3

Which sentence from the article states a CENTRAL idea of the text?

Washington head nutritionist Jake Sankal makes sure cornerback Fabian Moreau is hydrated during a recent practice. Photo: Washington Post by Katherine Frey

A group of hungry, tired football players walked into the dining room. It was a Tuesday in late August.

The players had just finished a morning practice. It was just 19 days before their first game of the season. They entered the room filled with 15 large tables. The room had a smoothie bar. It had a salad bar. There was also pizza for lunch.

Jake Sankal works for the Washington football team. He helps the players with their exercise and training. He also helps the team with nutrition. Sankal's job is to pick healthy food for the players. He needs to keep them in top shape for the football field.

Sankal is always thinking about players' health. He makes sure they drink enough liquids. He makes sure they eat the right snacks.

• A group of hungry, tired football players walked into the dining room.

• Football teams are starting to take nutrition more seriously.

• During one week at training camp, the team ate 875 pounds of fish.

• Sometimes he's stretching players out on the field.

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.2

CCSS.RI.8.2

CCSS.RL.7.2

CCSS.RL.8.2

CCSS.RL.9-10.2

What is the CENTRAL IDEA of the section?

Football teams are starting to take nutrition more seriously. The Washington team now creates special meal plans for players. Each player's plan is based on their own body's needs. Different people need different foods to be healthy. This is even more true for athletes. A quarterback has one job on the field. A lineman has a different job. This is one reason why their nutrition needs are not the same.

Drinks are a part of good nutrition, too. Different players receive different water bottles. The drinks are different based on what each player's body needs to stay in good shape. Drinking enough water helps players' bodies heal after practice. Healing can take a full day.

• Jake Sankal helps his team's players with their nutrition.

• Jake Sankal helps players find the foods they like the most.

• Professional football players often like to drink smoothies.

• Professional football players eat healthier than most people.

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.2

CCSS.RI.7.2

CCSS.RI.8.2

CCSS.RL.7.2

CCSS.RL.8.2

According to the last section WHY does Jake Sankal make the players eat differently?

• because they are all similar

• because he likes to surprise them

• because they all like different foods

• because they all have different jobs

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.2

CCSS.RI.7.2

CCSS.RI.8.2

CCSS.RL.7.2

CCSS.RL.8.2

How does drinking water affect players' bodies?

Drinks are a part of good nutrition, too. Different players receive different water bottles. The drinks are different based on what each player's body needs to stay in good shape. Drinking enough water helps players' bodies heal after practice. Healing can take a full day.

• Drinking water can help bodies to heal.

• Drinking water can make them faster.

• Drinking water can make food taste better.

• Drinking water can make players play smarter.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.2

CCSS.RI.8.2

CCSS.RL.7.2

CCSS.RL.8.2

CCSS.RL.9-10.2

Read the selection below from the introduction [paragraphs 1-5].

When people talk to each other, they usually take turns. They know when to speak and when to listen. We consider it disrespectful to interrupt. This kind of conversation is often considered a human trait. Many believe it separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom.

However, studies show that back-and-forth conversations happen among animals, too.

Which sentence from the selection explains why it is wrong for people to think that only humans take turns talking to each other?

• When people talk to each other, they usually take turns.

• This kind of conversation is often considered a human trait.

• Many believe it separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom.

• However, studies show that back-and-forth conversations happen among animals, too.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.2

CCSS.RI.8.2

CCSS.RL.7.2

CCSS.RL.8.2

CCSS.RL.9-10.2

Back-And-Forth Exchanges

A great number of animals use call and response. This is similar to how humans communicate. For example, marmosets, a type of small monkey, often exchange calls to locate each other and figure out whether they know one another. Dolphins chatter back and forth while coordinating attacks on prey.

Many of these forms of communication are sound-based. Frogs make croaking sounds. Insects make crackling sounds. Other animals have more creative ways to communicate. Young bonobos, a type of great ape, let their parents know they want to be carried with arm gestures. Birds, insects and frogs get their messages across through colorful displays, and the elephants feel vibrations through the earth when they use low rumbles to find each other.

These might be less traditional ways of communication. Still, they are similar to turn-taking in human exchanges. For example, when elephants wait their turn before responding to rumbles.

Conversations cannot be studied like fossils. Therefore, learning how conversations have evolved, or changed over many, many years, can be tricky. Kobin Kendrick is a language professor and co-author on the review. Kendrick thinks making comparisons between humans and animals taking turns is important. It gives us clues about how humans came to have this trait.

He says we know little about how human language began. We need more study on the subject.

• A great number of animals use call and response.

• Conversations cannot be studied like fossils.

• He says we know little about how human language began.

• We need more study on the subject

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.2

CCSS.RI.8.2

CCSS.RL.7.2

CCSS.RL.8.2

CCSS.RL.9-10.2

The word "exchanges" is essential to understanding the article.

Which phrase from the article BEST explains what "exchanges" means?

• back-and-forth conversations

• review of several studies

• responding to rumbles

• making comparisons

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.4

CCSS.RI.8.4

CCSS.RL.7.4

CCSS.RL.8.4

CCSS.RL.9-10.4

Read the selection below from the section "Is This Loud Enough?"

Kendrick sees a problem among people who study turn-taking. They do not communicate well themselves. A person studying turn-taking in one kind of animal fails to talk to people studying turn-taking in other animals.

Which answer choice uses the word "fails" in the same way it is used in the selection above?

• If she fails the test, she will have to do the work over again.

• Sometimes, she fails at first when trying new skateboard tricks.

• If that business fails, it will be because of a poor location.

• He scores high on tests, but he fails to tell people how well he is doing.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.4

CCSS.RI.8.4

CCSS.RI.9-10.4

CCSS.RL.7.4

CCSS.RL.8.4