Cancer Review

Cancer is BEST described as

• uncontrolled cell growth

• cells that have lost the ability to reproduce

• cells which grow abnormally and no longer function correctly

• cells which create abnormal tissue

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer?

• Avoids apoptosis

• Rapid cell growth

• Promotes angiogenesis

• Repairs DNA damage before dividing

A proto-oncogene that has mutated is

• called an oncogene

• analagous to having your foot stuck on the gas pedal

• one step toward the development of cancer

• all of theses options are true of mutated proto-oncogenes

Which is NOT a way that mutations occur in DNA?

• Exposure to radiation

• Genetics/Inheritance

• Failure of DNA repair proteins

• Lack of sleep

Mutations that occur in an individual during their lifetime and are only passed on to the cells that result from cell division of the mutated cell are called _____ mutations.

When the cell cycle functions properly, the result is

• 2 genetically identical daughter cells

• 2 genetically different daughter cells

• 4 daughter cells with 1/2 the DNA of the parent cell

• 4 daughter cells that resemble the parent cell

Proto-oncogenes are _____ genes, and therefore _____ mutation(s) are needed to contribute to the development of cancer.

• dominant, 1

• dominant, 2

• recessive, 1

• recessive, 2

Substances that are known to cause cancer are called

• inducers

• carcinogens

• pathogens

• supressors

All of the following are known risk factors for developing cancer EXCEPT:

• Obesity

• Age (older)

• BRCA-1 genes

• Exercise

A mutation occurs in a gene for a receptor protein on a cell responsible for binding to growth factors. The mutation activates the receptor, even if growth factors are not present. This mutation most likely results in:

• increase in cell division

• decrease in cell division

• abnormally large cells

• all of these are likely to result from the mutation