Final Exam - Biology Fall 2020

1. Which is true of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

• Eukaryotic cells do not have nuclei, and prokaryotic cells do have nuclei.

• Eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many differences, but they also share some common features. Which of the following may be found in either type of cell?

• Golgi bodies

• Cytoplasm

• ribosomes

• B and C

In osmosis, what direction will water move to balance out the two solutions?

• High to low concentration

• Low to high concentration

• To the bigger cell

• to the smaller cell

Cells use energy to move materials across a membrane (low to high concentration).

• Passive transport

• Active transport

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

How does the flu vaccine, an injection usually composed of a small amount of live but not harmful viral cells, prevent a the person from getting sick from the flu virus?

• it prevents the flu virus from converting host cells into pathogenic bacterial cells, which are source of person's symptoms , as it is the bacterial cells that damage the respiratory tract.

• It initiates the production of memory cells specific for that year's predicted flu virus. When the flu virus is inhaled ,it recognized quickly by memory cells and destroyed.

• It stimulates the host cell to produce antiviral toxins, which are released continually in to the respiratory tract, to destroy the viral cells even even before they are recognized by white blood cells.

• It gives a person a mild case of the full all year long. Since the person already has an active form of flu virus, it is impossible to infect the person again with another flu virus.

What do viruses have in common with living cells? They both...

• store genetic information

• se glucose for cellular respiration

• have chloroplasts

• have endoplasmic reticulum

The table shows a DNA sequence and three types of mutations that can change the DNA sequence.

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

• Mutations 1 and 3 only

• Mutation 1 only

• Mutation 2 only

• Mutations 1, 2 and 3

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

• The nuclear membrane is ruptured

• Amino acids do not bond to tRNA

• A codon sequence is incorrect

• Transportation of mRNA does not occur

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome.

Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place in a eukaryotic cell?

• G₁ phase

• G₀ phase

• G₂ phase

• S phase (synthesis)