BIO STAAR 18

B.6.H

The results shown in the picture were obtained using a technique known as gel electrophoresis. This technique separates mixtures of DNA, In the picture nine different samples of DNA are compared

Gel electrophoresis can be used to -

• determine the differences in ages of set of people

• identify how closely two individuals are related

• determine how effective certain medications are

• identify different blood types

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

B.4.B

The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process.

Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?

• Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis

• Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells

• Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within the cell

• Transporting packaged molecules form the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell

B.9.C

The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH.

Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?

• Temperature of 27 $\degree$   C and a pH of 4

• Temerature of 37 $\degree$  C and pH of 6

• Temperature of 40 $\degree$  C and a pH of 8

• Temperature of 50 $\degree$  C and a pH of 10

B.12.B

The Indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to resemble a leaf. The bright colors of the monarch butterfly indicate that the butterfly tastes bad and can be poisonous.

How does the appearance of these butterflies help them to survive?

• The Indian leaf butterfly is bale to avoid predators while the monarch butterfly warns predators away.

• The Indian leaf butterfly frightens predators away while the monarch butterfly poisons predators before they can eat it.

• Both butterflies rely on camouflage to avoid predation.

• Both butterflies cooperate with one another to avoid predation.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

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B.10.A

The female reproductive and endocrine systems work interactively for which main purpose?

• To maintain homeostasis by removing waste products from the body

• To release neurotransmitters during times to stress

• To control hormone levels to prepare the body for pregnancy

• To exchange gases to support cellular aerobic respiration

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.

Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

• Organism 1

• Organism 2

• Organism 3

• Organism 4

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

B.4.C

In the 1880s, Louis Pasteur developed a method of weakening viruses. The weakened viruses could be injected into healthy individuals.

How is this method effective in fighting viral diseases?

• The immune system develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses.

• The weakened viruses attach to unaffected viruses in the host and interrupt the viral reproductive cycle.

• The rate of genetic mutation in the host is decreased due to the introduction of weakened viruses.

• Weakened viruses are unable to enter the host organism.

B.6.F

In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes?

• O only

• A and B only

• A, B, or O only

• A, B, AB, or O

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

B.12.A

Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans?

• Intestinal bacteria obtain nutrients from the gut and produce vitamin K used by humans

• Bacteria become resistant to antibacterial medication that humans use for treatment

• Invasive bacteria at an area of injury produce toxins that damage healthy tissues of the human body

• Bacteria in improperly prepared food is consumed by humans, causing food poisoning.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-6

B.5.J

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

• Making energy available for cellular activities

• Creating bonds to form biomolecules

• Producing sugars that assist with replication

• Providing information to form proteins