Energy Transformations

What are the two main types of energy?

• radiant and chemical

• thermal and radiant

• potential and chemical

• kinetic and potential

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Which activity directly converts energy from the Sun into chemical energy?

• a snake lying on a sunny rock to keep warm

• a rabbit using energy from food it has eaten to run

• a bean plant making its own food to grow

• a person burning firewood to cook food

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The image shows a dam. Which descriptions best fit the labels?

• X: kinetic energy

  Y: potential energy

• X: potential energy

  Y: kinetic energy

• X: mechanical energy

  Y: electrical energy

• X: electrical energy

  Y: mechanical energy

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Savion listed the steps involved when nuclear power plants generate electricity.

1. Nuclear reaction occurs. 2. Nuclear energy is converted to radiant and thermal energy. 3. Heat is used to generate steam. 4. Light and heat are released. 5. Steam turns turbines. 6. Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.

Which best explains how to correct Savion’s error?

• In step 2, change “radiant and thermal ” to “chemical and mechanical.”

• Reorder the steps so that step 4 appears before step 3.

• Reorder the steps so that step 6 appears before step 5.

• In step 6, change “mechanical” to “thermal.”

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The human body stores chemical energy from digested food. Some of the chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy when the body moves. Which statement is best supported by this information?

• The body does not convert chemical energy to thermal energy.

• The body does not convert chemical energy to kinetic energy.

• Digested food is a source of potential energy.

• Digested food is a form of radiant energy.

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The human body stores chemical energy from digested food. Some of the chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy when the body moves. Which statement is best supported by this information?

• The body does not convert chemical energy to thermal energy.

• The body does not convert chemical energy to kinetic energy.

• Digested food is a source of potential energy.

• Digested food is a form of radiant energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Plants are responsible for a very important energy transformation, as shown. Which energy transformation does the picture best illustrate?

• radiant to chemical

• nuclear to mechanical

• chemical to thermal

• mechanical to chemical

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Energy can be transformed from one form to another. The diagram shows one such process. Which energy transformation is represented in the diagram?

• nuclear to thermal and radiant

• nuclear to electrical and chemical

• chemical to nuclear and radiant

• chemical to electrical and nuclear

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Solar-powered cars use energy from the Sun to work. A panel on the car absorbs light energy from the Sun, which then generates an electric current. This electric current, in turn, allows the car to move. Which shows the correct order of energy transformations that take place in a solar-powered car?

• electrical, chemical, kinetic

• electrical, kinetic, radiant

• radiant, chemical, electrical

• radiant, electrical, mechanical

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Eddie and Val observed the picture of an athlete running in a race. Eddie stated the picture shows potential energy being transformed to kinetic energy. Val stated that it shows chemical energy being transformed to mechanical energy. Which best explains who is correct?

• Only Eddie is correct because the picture does not show a transformation that starts with chemical energy.

• Only Eddie is correct because the picture does not show a transformation that ends with mechanical energy.

• Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy.

• Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of kinetic energy and mechanical energy includes potential energy.

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