Meiosis and Heredity

Which of the following defines heredity?

• The manipulated changing of a trait in an organism
• the study of how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring
• the ability of organisms to adapt to their environment
• the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next

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An organism's phenotype describes a visible trait, such as tall height, brown eyes, or black fur.

How does genotypic variation occur?

• Genotypic variation occurs when alleles are randomly sorted during sexual reproduction.

• Genotypic variation only occurs during binary fission.

• Genotypic variation occurs when alleles are randomly sorted during asexual reproduction.

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Which of the following statements is true of crossing-over?

• The gene for eye color can be exchanged with the gene for hair color during crossing-over.

• Crossing-over contributes to genetic diversity or variation.

• Only one gene may be exchanged at a time during crossing-over.

• Crossing-over always results in a non-beneficial mutation.

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During meiosis, the process of crossing over results in new combinations of alleles because

• genetic material always mutates randomly during this process.

• genetic material is exchanged between chromosomes during this process.

• genetic material is removed during this process.

• genetic material is added by a third chromosome during this process.

The allele for brown hair (B) is dominant to the allele for blonde hair (b).

If a man with brown hair and a woman with blonde hair produce children, which genotype(s) would be possible in their offspring?

• BB, Bb, bb

• Bb, bb

• BB, Bb

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How are the genotype and the phenotype related?

• The genotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. The phenotype is the physical expression, or characteristics, of that trait.

• The phenotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. The genotype is the physical expression, or characteristics, of that trait.

• There genotype and phenotype are interchangeable depending on the organism.

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The two sex cells in humans are called ________ and ________. They contain ________ chromosomes.

• egg, sperm, 46

• egg, sperm 23

• egg, sperm 92

• egg, sperm 0

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When parents with different traits are bred, a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation is a

• dominant trait
• true-breeding trait
• recessive trait
• characteristic

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In meiosis, chromatids might sometimes separate incorrectly, resulting in gametes that have 22 or 24 chromosomes, instead of 23. Which process is being described in this scenario?

• Crossing Over

• Independent Assortment

• Nondisjunction

• Fertilization

Instead of writing blood types as:

A / B / O

Some scientists notate blood types as:

I^A / I^B / i

If people with I^Ai and I^Bi blood types cross, what will be the blood types of their children?

• 25% Type A, 25% B, 25% AB, 25% O

• 50% Type A, 50% B

• 50% Type AB, 50% Type O

• 25% Type A, 25% B, 50% O

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