AP Biology: Meiosis and Mendel

One of the main reasons genes assort independent of one another  is that 

• they produce unrelated traits
• they produce related traits
• they are on the same chromosome
• they are on different chromosomes.

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In peas, the trait for tall plants is dominant (T) and the trait for short plants is recessive (t).  The trait for yellow seeds is dominant (Y) and the trait for green seeds is recessive (y).
A cross between two plants results in 292 tall, yellow plants and 103 short, green plants.  What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

• TtYY x Ttyy
• TTYy x TTYy
• TTyy x TTYy
• TtYy x TtYy

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Suppose that in sheep, a dominant allele (B) produce black hair and a recessive allele (b) produce white hair. If you saw a black sheep, you would be able to identify

• its phenotype for hair color

• its genotype for hair color

• the genotype of only one of its parents

• the phenotype of both of its parents

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If 2n = 48 for a particular cell, then the chromosome number in each cell after meiosis would be

• 96

• 48

• 24

• 12

In garden peas, a single gene controls stem length. The recessive allele (t) produces short stems when homozygous. The dominant allele (T) produces long stems. A short-stemmed plant is crossed with a heterozygous long-stemmed plant. Which of the following represents the expected phenotypes of the offspring and the ratio in which they will occur?

• 3 long-stemmed plants: 1 short-stemmed plant

• 1 long-stemmed plant: 1 short-stemmed plant

• 1 long-stemmed plant: 3 short-stemmed plants

• Long-stemmed plants only

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In most vertebrates, the sperm cell normally contributes which of the following to the new organism?

• Many mitochondria

• Significant amounts of RNA

• A haploid complement of chromosomes

• Most of the cytoplasm of the zygote

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The process depicted in the image above is best summarized by which of the following descriptions?

• During the synthesis phase of the cell cycle, DNA molecules replicate to generate identical daughter cells

• Centromeres align specific gene sequences of homologous chromosomes during mitotic divisions.

• The spindle apparatus attaches at chiasma during metaphase of mitosis.

• During meiosis, crossing over leads to recombination of alleles between homologous chromosomes

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Meiosis results in ______.

• 4 genetically unique haploid gametes

• 4 genetically unique diploid cells

• 2 genetically identical cells

• 4 genetically identical cells

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The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  

• homozygous 
• asexual
• homologous
• genes

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What phase is  shown in the picture?

• anaphase 1
• anaphase 2
• metaphase 1
• telophase 1

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