Volcanoes

a structure that forms in Earth's crust when molten material, or magma, reaches Earth's surface.

A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle.

tectonic plates spreading apart-new crust being formed (ex. mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys).

These occur where two plates slide TOWARD each other, commonly forming a subduction

an area where lava frequently erupts at the surface, independent of plate boundary processes.

liquid magma that reaches the surface

A volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material

A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening.

raised, flat-topped area made of layers of hardened lava

A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening